History Taking Neonatal

Question 1

Normal RR of a new born

Answer 1

40-60 breaths per minute

Question 2

Normal heart rate

Answer 2

120-160 beats per minute

Question 3

Ages

Answer 3

Neonate: less than four week
Infant: less than one year
Toddler: 1-2 years
Young child:2-5 years
Older child: 6-12
Adolescent: 13-18

Question 4

I’m any pediatric case first question

Answer 4

Child’s age

Question 5

In a hx of a toddler

Answer 5

The age at which he or she first walked is important

Question 6

Causes of hypothermia in neonate

Hypothermia is below 36.5 degrees

Answer 6

Radiant heat loss: Bare skin is exposed to an environment containing objects of cooler temperature.
Evaporative heat loss: Neonates are wet with amniotic fluid.
Conductive heat loss: Neonates are placed in contact with a cool surface or object.
Convective heat loss: A flow of cooler ambient air carries heat away from the neonate.

Hypothermia may be caused by environmental factors, disorders that impair thermoregulation (eg, sepsis, intracranial hemorrhage, drug withdrawal), or a combination.

Question 7

Hypotonia

Answer 7

Ddx

• muscular dystrophy
• cerebral palsy
• Down syndrome
• Prader- Willi syndrome
• myotonic dystrophy
• Tay Sach’s

Question 8

Microcephalic

Answer 8

Ddx:

• Certain infections during pregnancy, such as rubella, toxoplasmosis, or cytomegalovirus.
• Severe malnutrition
• Exposure to harmful substances, such as alcohol, certain drugs, or toxic chemicals.
• genetic mutation- Down syndrome
• traumatic brain injury
• loss of oxygen to the brain
• infection of the brain

Question 9

Macrocephaly*

Answer 9

Ddx: 
- brain tumor 
- intracranial bleeding
- chronic hematomas
- hydrocephalus 
- cranial hyperostosis overgrowth of the skull 
-

Question 10

Bulging fontanelle

Answer 10

• increased intracranial pressure
• encephalitis
• hydrocephalus
• meningitis
• https://pediatriceducation.org/2011/02/14/what-causes-a-bulging-anterior-fontanelle/amp/

Question 11

Sunken fontanelle

Answer 11

• dehydration
• kwashiorkor
• failure to thrive
• toxic megacolon
• diabetes insipidus

Question 12

Flat foot or pes planus in adults

Answer 12

Ddx:

Achilles Equinus contracture
Coalition of rearfoot joints
Failed or injured tendons
Arthritis
Marfan syndrome
Diabetes
Obesity
Pregnancy
Overuse & strain
Injury & fractures
Age

Question 13

Pes planus In children

Answer 13

Heredity
Laxity of ligaments
Tight Achilles tendon
Lack of foot exercise

https://www.afacc.net/foot-problems/flat-foot/