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Y9 FLASHCARDS > History Slavery Y9 > Flashcards

History Slavery Y9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Slavery?

A

It is the system in which people are owned by other people and are considered worst and often treated like objects. This ownership can be different depending on the master.

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2
Q

How can slaves be treated?

A

Slaves can be treated nicely or brutally

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3
Q

Why did slavery happen?

A
  • When Europeans firstly settled in the Americas, they used indentured servants
  • Few indentured servants to work farms and mines due to the wars in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries.
  • Indentured servants only worked for 7 years because their contracts were fulfilled an they were free again
  • Because of these problems and desire to make a lot of money, Europeans started to enslave Africans
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4
Q

Where did the first slave traders go to?

A

They went to the western coast of Africa.

Later europeans wanted ONLY slaves

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5
Q

Africa before Slavery? (GEOGRAPHY)

A
  • Africa is more than three times the size of the USA and 120 times the size of the UK.
  • 1/3 of land is desert and the remaining is very poor quality soil
  • Over a thousand of languages were spoken there
  • Cristianity, Islam and Animism were the religions of C15 Africa.
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6
Q

Africa before Slavery (VILLAGES)?

A
  • They were extremely common in Africa
  • Each town or village ran its own affairs
  • They were ruled by the elders, who made decisions
  • Women could discuss things but were not allowed to make decisions
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7
Q

Africa before Slavery (KINGDOMS)?

A
  • Kingdoms were ruled by centralized governments and kings
  • Kingdoms became as large as empires , Eg: Egypt
  • In an African town people lived in a fenced compound with separate buildings for the husband, wife and sons growing into manhood
  • People made a living in this town by trading goods such as ironware, pottery, cloth, vegetables, grain, spices and basket work.
  • Some of the goods Africans traded with other countries consisted of gold, leather, ivory, iron and copper.
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8
Q

Songhai?

A
  • It became rich from the trade routes across the Sahara dessert.
  • 11th C. it started to expand. In 1330 it was conquered by the emperor of Mali, but he was thrown out in 1375 by King Sonni Ali who began to extend the kingdom
  • By the time King Sonni died in 1492, he had conquered all the neighbouring countries to the north and west.
  • His son became the king but he was overthrown by a general, Muhamed Turé, who gave himself the title Askia (Emperor)
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9
Q

Askia Muhammad (GOVERNMENT AND ORGANISATION)?

A
  • Divided his empire into 4 regions, each ruled by a viceroy.
  • The regions were furthermore divided into provinces, run by governors
  • Hierarchical system of land division
  • Judges, tax collectors, market inspectors in each province and city
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10
Q

Askia Muhammad (TAXATION)?

A
  • Regular and collected fairly with no illegal demands
  • Paid in gold and goods
  • Tax collectors
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11
Q

Askia Muhammad? (TRADE)

A
  • Special royal farms to produce food for trade

- He made all merchants use standard weights and measures.

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12
Q

Askia Muhammad (TRAVEL AND SECURITY)?

A
  • Had highways guarded = safe for travellers

- Special navy to guard rivers

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13
Q

Askia Muhammad? (EDUCATION)

A
  • Djenné, Walata and Timbuktu were centres of learning and Muslim religion teaching
  • In Timbuktu alone there were 150 schools and universities
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14
Q

Askia Muhammad (WEALTH OF THE NATION)?

A
  • Gave 10,000 gold coins to help the poor and build a hostel were pilgrims from west Africa could stay, sugesting it was a rich nation
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15
Q

Askia Muhammad (MILITARY POWER)?

A
  • Extended his land/ Empire by conquering all the lands that had once belonged to the Empire of Mali.
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16
Q

Triangular Trade/ Golden Triangle?

A
  • It is formed due to the increase of European settlers in the colonies
  • It consists of a route separated in three separate voyages.
17
Q

What were the three stages of the triangular trade?

A

1) Ships with European goods sailed to Africa. The goods were exchanged for human beings.
2) The enslaved Africans were taken to the Americas (Middle Passage) and sold to the settlers.
3) With the profits the slaver captain bought colonial produce like sugar, rum cotton and tobacco. He then sailed back to Europe and sold the cargo for another handsome profit

18
Q

The Impact of Slavery on Africa (WARFARE)?

A
  • Slavery brought warfare to Africa
  • Continuous warfare, raiding parties and killings led to famine
  • Fear and insecurity spread all over the land
  • Poor soil (because frightened people tried to escape the raiders)
19
Q

The Impact of Slavery on Africa? (CRIME AND PUNISHMENT)

A
  • If you commited a crime you were sold as a slave
  • Kings sold their own people
  • Prisioners were sold as slaves
20
Q

The impact of slavery on Africa (KIDNAPPING)?

A
  • Kings became warmongers and kidnappers.
  • Kidnapping spread terror
  • Captured men, women and children
21
Q

The Impact of Slavery on Africa (TRADE)?

A
  • Africa stopped producing so many goods, because it all came from Europe
  • They swapped men, women and children for European goods
  • Changed overland trade routes for coastal trading stations
  • People settled along the old routes, lost their income and livehood.
22
Q

The Impact of Slavery on Africa (POVERTY)?

A
  • Raiding parties lead to famine
  • Frightened villagers, trying to escape the raiders, moved into remote areas which often had poor soil which produced few crops
  • This lead to STARVATION
23
Q

What were the three methods for selling slaves?

A

1) Private Sale:
- Agree a price for all the slaves on a ship
2) Auction:
- Sold Individually
- They examined them in order to check if they have problems
3) Scramble:
- The slaves are put in a confined space and buyers rush to get them

24
Q

Preparation and sale?

A
  • Polished them with palm oil
  • Made them excercise just before the sale
  • Clean them / deep wash
  • Change clothes
  • Give food
  • Clean wounds/ fill them with tar
  • Boot polish to cover grey hair
  • Sleepy - Alcohol
  • Lively - Opium
25
Q

How were Africans enslaved?

A

Because of the great demand, the trade in slaves was very profitable. Many European nations joined in.
They built forts along the West African coast which were heavily defended against other Europeans.
They would exchange their goods for slaves (eg: ivory and gold)

26
Q

What was inside the forts?

A

Inside the forts the slavees were held in barracoons, which were overcrowded, dark and airless prisons, often at least partly underground.
Due to these terrible conditions many of the captives died in the weeks or months that they had to wait for the arrival of the slavers.

27
Q

What were Slavers?

A

They were sailing ships that were specially fitted out to carry the slaves out of Africa.

28
Q

What did the coastal Africans began to do?

A

Using their new guns, coastal Africans began to raid their neighbours inland. Men, women and children were captured and taken to the coast to be sold to the Europeans. Many died on the journey

29
Q

Approx how many Africans were captured?

A

Between 1490 and 1890 over 6mill women and 9 mill men were taken from Africa, an equal number died before being exported

30
Q

The middle passage?

A
  • It is the crossing from Africa to the Americas
  • Conditions on the middle passage were so cruel that some slaves committed suicide to escape their misery
  • In few cases slaves mutinied: took over the ship an escaped
31
Q

What does Olaudah Equiano say about the conditions of the middle passage?

A
  • Sickness spread all over the dark room
  • People were beaten for not eating
  • He would have prefered to suicide but the crew watched them slowly
  • The crowding, the heat and the stench of the hold meant that each slave had scarcely room to turn himself, caused suffocation amongst the slaves.
  • Smelled extremely bad and the lavatory-buckets were very filthy and children often fell in it.
  • The shrieks of the women and the groans of the dying traumatised everyone, as it was a scene of horror
32
Q

Positive Impacts of Plantation Life?

A

Positive:

  • They enjoyed their own music
  • Had shipmates and Godparents
  • Spoke their own language to each other
  • Domestic slave: (eg: maid or cookor driver) better conditions/treatment and easier work
33
Q

Negative Impacts of Plantation Life?

A

Negative:

  • They were very restricted and not allowed to do anything
  • Discriminated by the owners and other people due to their race
  • Not allowed to practice their religion
  • Hard work (eg, field hands)
  • Slave forever, also your children

Y9 FLASHCARDS (10 decks)

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