History & Scope of Medicine Flashcards
Components of the Hippocratic oath? hint: 9
- Confidentiality
- Non-maleficence (obligation to do no harm to others)
- Relationship with one’s teachers in the medical/ dental school.
- Relationship with one’s own medical/ dental students
- Professional and moral relationship with patients and patients’ relatives
- Issues of euthanasia and abortion
- Issues of integrity
- Issues of injustice
- Knowing the limits of one’s professional competence and making a referral to experts in other specialties
Hippocrates laid the foundation of Greco-Roman Medicine, and Galen expanded its theory and practice. T or F.
T
Hippocrates theory of four humours?
- Phlegm
- Blood
- Black bile
- Yellow bile
The theory stated that these four humours need to be balanced for good health.
Challenges and Complications of Middle Age Surgery? hint: 6
- Severe blood loss (haemorrhage) which often led to death.
- Severe infections also associated with high mortality.
- Intense pain and suffering from surgeries (amputations,
tooth extractions, etc.) done without anaesthesia. - Surgeries done in open theatres with people watching.
- Re-use of surgical instruments without sterilization.
- Non-availability of antibiotics
New Challenges in this time? hint: 9
- New infections: Zika virus, SARS
- New pandemic outbreak: Covid-19,
- HIV/AIDS
- Resurgence of diseases that were previously
controlled: Tuberculosis, anthrax - Resistance to antimicrobials
- Lifestyles and addictions
- Chronic non-communicable diseases
- Climate change and disease
- Monkeypox global outbreak in 2022
Specialties in dentistry? hint: 6
- Paediatric dentistry: Dental field focusing on dental
care of children and adolescents - Orthodontics: Prevention and correction of
malocclusion (misalignment) of teeth - Periodontics: Focuses on care, prevention, diagnosis
and treatment of diseases of tissues surrounding/
supporting the teeth, e.g., the gum - Endodontics: specialty that handles diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the inside of the teeth (pulp chamber, pulp canal and related tissues)
- Prosthodontics: the field that deals with restoration and maintenance of the function, appearance, health and comfort of the mouth. Use of prosthesis (artificial substitutes) to replace missing teeth or surrounding structures.
- Geriatric dentistry: specialty that focuses on the oral health and care elderly persons.
What is public health?
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals.
The lack of systematic approach to testing associations between exposures and disease was the single most important setback to diseases control and public health practice for centuries. T or F.
T
what is the germ theory?
- The germ theory of disease posits that germs (microorganisms or pathogens) can cause diseases.
- Microbes include viruses, bacteria, fungi, etc.
- Diseases causes by microbes are called infectious diseases.
Quarantine and isolation were supplemented by major sanitation improvement programmes like what? hint: 3
- Clean water supplies,
- Garbage and sewage disposal,
- Food inspection, etc.
Isolation vs quarantine?
- Isolation separates people who are sick with a contagious disease from people who are not sick.
- Quarantine separates, and restricts the movement of, people who were exposed to an infectious disease to see if they become sick.
- note: these are public health measures used to protect the public by keeping away people who have or may have been exposed to a contagious disease and preventing them from passing it to others.
Two main strategies used to eradicate smallpox were?
case finding and vaccination
Jamaica has now achieved an epidemiological transition, a shift from predominance of infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases. T or F.
T
