History review Flashcards
main features of the Treaty of Versailles
- In 1919, a debate between representatives from Winnipeg took place to negotiate terms for the end of the ww1.
- The Treaty Of Versailles imposed harsh financial, military, and territorial penalties on germany such as:
- To give up some European land.
- To limit the size of Germany’s military
- Germany has to pay for the damage caused by the war.
- This is done to “accept responsibility” (the war guilt clause).
Which aspects of the Treaty were the most damaging to Germany? List them from most damaging to least damaging. Be prepared to explain your choices.
- War Guilt Clause The war guilt clause was humiliating for Germany because they had to accept full responsibility for the war. It was also humiliating because of the reputation Germany had prior to the war.
- To give up some European land.
- To limit the size of Germany’s military
- Germany has to pay for the damage caused by the war.
What was the purpose of the Indian Act?
The goal of the Indian Act was to assimilate Aboriginal peoples into the broader Canadian society.
Why were there fewer volunteers for the War from Quebec? Provide at least two reasons.
Violent riots erupted in Quebec due to conscription, where Francophones opposed the act The conscription issue created distrust and animosity between Anglophone and Francophone Canadians.
4 technological advancements from World War 1
Machine Guns, Jets, Tanks, High explosives, and motorized transport vehicles.
What was Prohibition? Why did the government of Canada decide to end prohibition?
Prohibition (1918) was the law that made it illegal to make and sell alcohol.
- alcohol was blamed for many social problems, such as Crime, Drunkenness, Family Violence and Poverty.
- The Gov’t decided to end Prohibition because the Gov’t lost revenue generated from alcohol taxes.
4 long-term causes of World War 1
- Mutual defense alliances between countries increased out of fear for another war.
- Militarism - Countries enhanced their military force out of fear for another war.
- Nationalism - ww1 caused nations to be looked at as more superior than others.
- Imperialism - - the policy of extending the power of one country over other countries through military force or economic control.
Soldiers returning home to Canada after the War encountered many problems. What were they?
- 20% of veterans were unemployed by 1921.
- Veterans receive very little benefits from the government.
- Inflation (Increased in-store prices).
World War 1 has been referred to as a “total war.” What does that mean?
Total war is an unrestricted war where each side of the war is willing to make any sacrifice to obtain victory.
By 1924, the Canadian economy was finally recovering from the post-war recession. Outline the specific causes for the economic turnaround.
By 1924, the Canadian economy was finally turning around. Europe was recovering from WW1 and the demand for Canadian products grew, Car purchases accelerated as they became less expensive. Governments needed to invest in infrastructure like roads, bridges, and power systems. Electric power, Forestry and mining, Canadian wheat were in demand
What was the government of Canada’s reasoning behind the establishment of residential schools for Aboriginal children? What restrictions did the children face?
The Government’s reasoning for this was to assimilate, starting with children and to ‘civilize’ them into Canadian society.
Children (7-15) were not allowed to speak their first language or practice their religious beliefs.
Children were separated from their family and lived in dormitories.
Many teachers abused children both physically and sexually.
What countries comprised the Triple Alliance? The Triple Entente? What side was Canada on and why?
The triple alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
The triple Entente consisted of France, Great Britain and Russia.
Canada was on the triple Entente side because the British empire was at war. Canada was a part of the British empire putting Canada at war against the triple alliance.
What event acted as the “spark” the ignited the War?
The spark that ignited World War 1 was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife of Austria-Hungary.
. Who was the Canadian general that orchestrated the attack at Vimy Ridge? Why was the battle so significant for the Canadian nation?
Canada’s four divisions were assembled to fight as a single unit under Major-General Arthur Currie, this battle was significant because the victory gave the Allies new hope and making Canada look like their own independent country
What event occurred in Russia in 1917? What did it mean for Russia’s involvement in the War?
In 1917 a communist revolution in Russia deposed the czar, Russia surrendered to Germany in early 1918.
Halifax felt the cruel effects of the war in 1917. Explain.
On the morning of 6 December 1917, the French cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc collided with the Norwegian vessel SS Imo in the waters of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Mont-Blanc, laden with high explosives, caught fire and exploded, devastating the Richmond district of Halifax.
The Wartime Elections Act:
gave the vote to women with husbands, fathers or brothers serving in the military. It also took away the right to vote from all enemy aliens (ukrainians, germans) and conscientious objectors
the War Measures Act: In 1914:
The government passed the War Measures Act, it gives the gov’t the power suspend certain civil liberties, censor the news media, tell companies and farmers what to produce, imprison people with trial, and label some people enemies of Canada, The gov’t labeled over 800000 people enemy aliens (ukrainians, germans) , people that came from the warring countries
The Military Voters Act:
gave all members of the military, male and female, the right to vote
Briefly describe the issues surrounding the ‘Persons Case’. Make note of the women involved:
The persons case is a constitutional ruling that established the right of women to be appointed to the Senate. The legal recognition of women as “persons” meant that women could no longer be denied rights based on a narrow interpretation of the law.
Who was Billy Bishop, and why was he so celebrated?
Fighter pilots who shot down five or more planes became known as aces. Canadian Billy Bishop was the most revered.
Which prominent women lead the suffragist movement
Nellie McClung and Emily Murphy were two strong women in the ‘suffragist’ movement—to get women the right to vote
The sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania helped propel what country to enter the war?
In 1915, a U-boat sank the Lusitania, a British passenger ship. More than half on board died including 128 Americans. Two more American ships were sunk in 1917, this helped bring the Americans in to the war in April 1917.
The federal election of 1917 focused around one issue. What was the issue?
To make up for the shortfall, the gov’t of PM Robert Bordon passed the Military Service Act in July 1917. The Act introduced conscription—forced military service.
