exam Flashcards
Outline and discuss 3 specific times and/or incidents of racism in Canadian immigration history. Be as specific as possible
Japanese: In world war II Japanese were denied immigration into Canada due to the attack on Pearl Harbour and even after that very little was allowed. The Japanese Canadians belongings were stripped and they were put into internment camps. When the war ended many were encouraged to leave the country and go to Japan, those that stayed were not permitted to return to Vancouver (where most were from). Japanese people were also not allowed to vote.
Chinese immigrants: would have to pay an expensive head tax (fewer than 50 allowed from 1923-1947), Chinese also could not vote
St louis: On 7 June 1939, 907 Jewish refugees aboard the MS St. Louis were denied entry to Canada. The ship returned its passengers to safe harbors in four European countries. Sadly, 254 of its passengers later perished in the Holocaust. Canada’s restrictive immigration policies at the time largely closed the door on Jews who were desperately seeking safety and refuge from Germany and Europe.
Outline and discuss at least 3 different incidents when French-Canadians have felt that their needs have been ignored by the government of Canada. Were they justified in their feelings? Explain.
The two referenda in Quebec where in 1980 60% said no to sovereignty association, then in 1996 50.5 said no
Conscription: Violent riots erupted in Quebec, where Francophones opposed the act The conscription issue created distrust and animosity between Anglophone and Francophone Canadians.
By 1942, PM King knew that more troops were needed. So he decided to hold a plebiscite- a special vote on a specific proposal. King wanted Canadians’ permission to break his promise not to send conscripts overseas. Results 79% of Anglophones voted yes, 85% Francophone voted no.
Describe 3 situations and/or events that have unified the country.
The Flag (1965): After much debate in the House of Commons, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson created a new parliamentary committee to select a national flag before the 1967 Centennial year. It was Red for Liberal.
The Canadian Centennial: was a yearlong celebration held in 1967 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation. Celebrations in Canada occurred throughout the year but culminated on Dominion Day, July 1, 1967. There were many parades, activities and events.
Constitution Act: This act made Canada an independent nation that could make its own decisions without the approval or interference of the British, and they were no longer controlled by the Monarchy. All provinces were united and each had their own power.
Describe 3 situations and/or events that have divided Canada.
Charlottetown Accord 1992: It was submitted to a public referendum on October 26 and was defeated.Was a failed attempt by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution.
The 1980 Quebec independence referendum: Concerned whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty. The referendum was called by Quebec’s Parti Québécois government, which advocated secession from Canada. Vote ended and the proposal was defeated by a 59.56 percent (NO) to 40.44 percent (YES) margin.
Conscription Act 1917: This was a politically explosive and controversial law created by PM Borden which made all male citizens aged 20 to 45 subject to conscription for military service. But, there were only 14,000 French Canadian volunteers in the War because most francophones opposed the conscription act, and they felt that they had no particular loyalty to either Britain or France; they only had loyalty for Canada. In total, 401,882 men registered for conscription and most were anglophones.
What were the countries that comprised the Triple Alliance during World War 1? Can you identify them on a map from 1914?
Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
What were the countries that comprised the Triple Entente during World War 1? Can you identify them on a map from 1914? Also, what country switched sides during the war?
Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, and Russia
In 1943, the government of Italy declared war on its former Axis partner Germany and joined the battle on the side of the Allies.
What was the document and year that finally patriated (brought home) the constitution?
The 1982 Constitution Act.
There was a national referendum in 1992. What was the issue?
The Charlottetown Accord in 1992: was a package of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada, proposed by the Canadian federal and provincial governments in 1992. It was submitted to a public referendum on October 26 and was defeated.Was a failed attempt by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution. Canadians felt left out of the constitutional discussions and reforms or felt that it would jeopardize their individual or collective rights.
What does the term ‘baby boom’ refer to and when did it occur?
The baby boom occurred after soldiers returned home to their wives from a long World War II in 1945 and they all had children meaning the population drastically increased. This caused lots of economic development in Canada as well as industrial and infrastructural growth in lots of cities such as Montreal and Toronto. The baby boom was literally a boom of babies because millions of new babies were to be born so this meant more workers to develop the cities, work in factories, agriculture, and build new buildings. (1946-1964)
What was Canada’s greatest military victory during World War 1 and why?
Vimy Ridge: Its capture by the Canadians was essential to the advances by the British Third Army to the south and of exceptional importance to checking the German attacks in the area in 1918. The Canadians had demonstrated they were one of the outstanding formations on the Western Front and masters of offensive warfare. 100,000 Canadians who served there suffered more than 10,600 casualties. A Memorial was created by France for Canada’s great efforts because it was a major and first victory in WWI after a long while.
The Quebec referendum of 1980 focused on what issue? If unsure, review the actual wording of the referendum question.
The 1980 Quebec independence referendum was the first referendum in Quebec on the place of Quebec within Canada and whether Quebec should pursue a path toward sovereignty. The referendum was called by Quebec’s Parti Québécois government, which advocated secession from Canada. Vote ended and the proposal was defeated by a 59.56 percent (NO) to 40.44 percent (YES) margin.
When did the Halifax Explosion, Battle of Somme, women voting, and the sinking of the American liner the Lusitania occur?
The Halifax Explosion: In 1917, the French cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc collided with the Norwegian vessel SS Imo in the waters of Halifax. The Mont-Blanc, laden with high explosives, caught fire and exploded, devastating the Richmond district of Halifax. 1,782 deaths.
Battle of Somme: Was a battle of the First World War fought by the armies of the British Empire and French against the German Empire (1916).
Women above 21 officially got to vote in federal elections in 1919.
The sinking of the American liner the Lusitania: The RMS Lusitania was a UK-registered ocean liner that was torpedoed by an Imperial German Navy U-boat during the First World War in 1915.
What technique was created to combat Germany’s submarine warfare?
To combat the German submarine threat, the British and U.S. started grouping merchant ships in convoys and protecting them with escorts. Submarine sinkings dropped dramatically. The U.S. The Navy helped ensure that tens of millions of tons of supplies reached Europe. Aircraft radar was also important.
After World War 1, an organization was created with the goal of ensuring peace. What was the organization called and explain its effectiveness?
The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
There were several inventions during the 1920s that connected people across Canada. What were they?
Radio - commonly used among the rich and poor due to its affordability.
Telephone - used to communicate with other Canadians.
What was the Warsaw Pact and list all of its original members?
In 1954, NATO allowed West Germany to join and rearm. In response, the Soviets created an alliance in 1955 to counter; the Warsaw Pact, which included Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania.
The “Persons” case involved which issue? What was the verdict so important?
The person’s case is a constitutional ruling that established the right of women to be appointed to the Senate. The legal recognition of women as “persons” meant that women could no longer be denied rights based on a narrow interpretation of the law.
What is the Statute of Westminster? What document actually led to the creation of the Statute?
It was an act of the British Parliament that stated that could no longer make laws for its former colonies. The act was the result of the Balfour Report in 1926 which resulted from the meeting of Britain and its colonies and the agreement that the former colonies should be more independent.
What party emerged in the 1930s and later morphed into the NDP? Who was its original leader?
The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was formed in 1932 by J. S. Woodsworth and western labour and farmer’s groups. They wanted to dismantle the free enterprise economic system and introduce socialism (an economic system based on government control of the economy). In 1961, the CCF evolved into the New Democratic Party (NDP)
What measure did both Prime Ministers King and Bennett introduce during the Great Depression that actually made the economy worse?
R.B. Bennett and the Conservatives defeated Mackenzie King in the 1930 election. It seemed that King had no answer to fix the depression.
► Bennett opposed spending federal money on relief programs forunemployed workers and their families, he put it on the provinces
► To protect Canada’s manufacturers, he raised the tariff on imports. Other countries did the same and the market for Canadian resources dried up.
What province was the last to join Confederation? What year?
The last and most recent territory to be created was Nunavut, which was a part of the Northwest Territories until 1999.
When was the Winnipeg General Strike and why was it so significant?
The Winnipeg General Strike in May 1919, started as Winnipeg’s trade unions went on strike and were later joined by 20000 members from 94 unions. They wanted the right to collective bargaining, better wages and better working conditions.
The city hired 1800 special police officers and called in the mounted police to keep order. A riot broke out as some officers on horseback charged into the protest. By the time it ended, 100 people were injured and one worker dead.
The army then moved in to occupy the streets of the city. Threatened with losing their jobs, the strikers returned to work on June 25, six weeks after the struggle began. Some were fired and others were forced to sign agreements not to join a union.
Significant because it Helped the Working Class of Canada.
There were several actions that led to the start of World War 2, however, which event sparked the declaration of war?
The invasion of Poland
For each of the following events list the year that they occurred:
The Phony War (very little fighting)
German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbossa) and many of its Axis allies.
Attack on Pearl Harbor: was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor
The Battle of Britain: First major battle where United Kingdom air forces defended themselves against large-scale attacks by Nazi’s Luftwaffe
Evacuation of Dunkirk: involved the rescue of more than 338,000 British and French soldiers from the French port
The Phony War (very little fighting) Sep 3, 1939 – May 10, 1940
German invasion of the Soviet Union (Operation Barbossa) and many of its Axis allies. (1941).
Attack on Pearl Harbor: was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor (1941).
The Battle of Britain: First major battle where United Kingdom air forces defended themselves against large-scale attacks by Nazi’s Luftwaffe (1940).
Evacuation of Dunkirk: involved the rescue of more than 338,000 British and French soldiers from the French port (1940).
