Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

History > History - Renaissance > Flashcards

History - Renaissance Flashcards

1
Q

What caused the plagues

A
  • rats infested with fleas
  • flow of people and goods (silk roads and caravans)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why did Europeans believe the Black Death occurred

A
  • seen as punishment from god or devil. Flagellants flogging each other
  • Jews accused of causing plague. programs to exterminate jews in Europe. (effects of crusade)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Flagellants

A

men and women parading across Europe flagging (beating with whip or stick) each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does renaissance mean and where did it begin

A
  • rebirth of classical antiquity
  • greco roman culture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

features of renaissance

A
  • urban society
  • secular spirit (not religious)
  • increasing wealth = more worldly pursuits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Leon Battista Alberti

A

“men can do all things, if they will”
“l’uomo universale”
- birth doesn’t dictate life, education and culture does

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pertrach

A
  • father if renaissance humanism
  • intellectuals movement based on studying Latin and Greek classics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

liberal arts

A

study of grammar, debate/speaking, philosophy, and history “the humanities”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Civic Humanism

A

in Florence, put studies to the use of society and gov’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nicolo Machiavelli

A
  • better to be feared than loves, strict, hard and strong. be a good lier (pope)
  • criticizes the Italians for hiring mercenaries because they were unreliable
  • says men are dishonest, cowardly, ungrateful, greedy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

four horsemen of the apocalypse

A
  • war
  • plague
  • famine
  • death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pogroms

A

mass violence, attacks on jewish communities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

economic consequences - renaissance

A
  • trade declined
  • shortage of labor -> rise in wages
  • decline in population
    • serfs could demand freedom, but other peasants forced into serfdom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the good qualities of a ruler must have

A

-piteous
- faithful
- humane
- having integrity
- religious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

portolani

A
  • detailed charts drawn by navigators and mathematicians
  • flawed due to their lack of account for earth’s curvature
    • knowledge over the actual shape of the earth and how to measure it only discovered from experience
    • cartography was developed to the point of europeans having fairly accurate knowledge of the world in the late 1400s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

caravels

A

ships
- mobile enough to sail against the wind and engage in naval warfare
- large enough to be armed with heavy cannons and carry substantial amounts of goods
- navigational aids
-compass (Chinese)
-astrolabe (adapted by Arabs, invented by greeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

role of prince Henry in Portugal taking the lead in exploration

A

founded a school for navigators in 1419

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vasco de Gama

A
  • founded the cape of good hope (tip of Southern Africa) and stopped at several muslim merchant controlled ports of east Africa
    • voyage sponsored by Portuguese crown to destroy muslim monopoly over spice trade
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

triangular trade

A

Europe -> Africa -> new world
- slave owners in americas paid for their slaves with sugar pr by products such as rum or molasses exported to European buyers
- europeans purchased slaves from local African merchants in exchange for gold, guns, or European manufactured goods such as textiles, or copper or iron utensils
- local African rulers also saw slaves as a source of income, invaded defenseless local villages to find slaves to sell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

middle passage

A

voyage from Africa to the americas.
- 1/5 died from diseases or malnourishment
- sexual violence, women raped on ships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

medicis

A

bankers and rulers of europe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Herman cortes

A
  • defeated the Aztecs
  • kidnapped their leader moctezuma, brought diseases the natives didn’t have immunity to, allied with the tlaxcallan state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Francisco pizarro

A

expedition between 1531-1536, crushed the Inca empire
- already weakened by diseases from europeans brought earlier

24
Q

what crops did latin American and Caribbean plantations produce

A
  • coffee
  • cocoa
  • sugar
  • tobacco
24
encomienda system
- European settlers received grants of land and could collect tribute from indigenous peoples and use them as laborers - had responsibilities to protect Indians, instead Spanish settlers abused the Indians and forced them to word in mini gold or silver or work on sugar plantations - spaniards given land from the crown - natives "provided" to work the land - in return, Europeans converted natives to christians Bartoleme de las casas suggest another source of labor (started African slave trade)
25
the columbian exchange
- exchange between Europe and americas facilitated by the arrival of Christopher Columbus - plants, animals, diseases
26
exploration
gold, god, glory
27
Petrarch
- recovered forgotten latin manuscripts - began the humanist emphasis on the use of pure classical latin - new models for writing -Cicero was a model for prose - Virgil was a model for poetry
28
Johannes Gutenburg
first true author with books produced from moral medal type - 40,000 printed - encouraged scholarly research - stimulated readings - new religious ideas - printing allowed Europe to compete with china
29
Desiderius erasmus
- believed christianity should be a guiding philosophy on how to live daily life - contrasted to medieval church's insistence of dogmatic beliefs and practices
30
Martin luther
- believed that humans are solely saved by their faith in the promises of god which were made possible by the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross - monk and professer - obsessed with how one knows when they are saved - justification through faith
31
the main point of the ninety-five theses
sale of indulgences were corrupt and not christian
32
peasant revolt of 1524 - who did luther side with and why
- German princes - luther was more socially and economically conservative - believed the German princes were to maintain peace and order, therefore they had to crush the rebels
33
Ulrich Zwingli
- loss of imagery - more catholic traditions abolished -saint veneration, pilgrimages, monasticism, pope's authority not recognized
34
Zwingli vs luther on last supper
Zwingli - believed lord's body and blood should be taken figuratively not literally Luther - believed it is literally christ's body and blood
35
anglican church
- declared that the "only supreme head on earth of the Church of England" was the king - not much changed, didn't affect regular church administration - let king Henry divorce and remarry - act of supremacy
36
indulgences
could be purchased to remit one's time in purgatory (waiting to go to hell or heaven)
37
protestantism
bible is the ultimate authority, salvation through faith
37
new religious services - luther
-bible reading - preaching the gospel - hymns
38
transubstantiation
the bread and wine transform into christs body and blood
39
John calvin
predestination - wealth is a signifier of their predestination
40
predestination
god "elects" who is "saved" or "damned even before birth
41
Nicolas Copernicus
heliocentric theory (the sun is the center of the universe) - believed planets revolved around the sun
42
how Kepler helped support the copernican system
- first law of planetary motion - stated that the planets make elliptical orbits around the sun with the sun at one focus of the eclipse
43
Galileo Galilei
- discovered that the universe was composed of material similar to earth rather than a perfect, unchanging substance
44
locke's impact
denied the existence of innate ideas, everyone was born with a tabula rose (blank slate)
45
Thomas Hobbes Leviathan
- men are equal - desire of power ceases in death - war will be the state of man without a central power - absolute monarchy
46
John Locke’s Two Treatises of Civil Government
- state of anarchy that man can do as man pleases without regard of man - nature is state of equality where no one has more power or authority over another - 3 inalienable rights -life -liberty -property
47
philosophies
intellectuals of enlightment
48
Thomas Hobbes
- king should be involved in everything - complete control - absolute monarchy - a world without government "a state of nature" would be "war of all against all" - Social Contract: the people cede rights to their sovereign for the sake of safety and order - division of authority leads to conflict and instability
49
John locke
- essay concerning human understanding -tabula rosa: blank slate - same abilities, depends on whee tou are born and raised - humans modeled by environment - Two Treaties of government -state of nature is equality - inalienable rights: life liberty, property - under the social contract, the people have the right to revel if their rights are infringed
50
Montesqieu
Spirit of the laws -3 types of government -republic -monarchy -despotism -Seperation of Powers (checks and balances) -Executive -judicial legislative
51
voltaire
"crush the infamous thing" -religious fatalism, intolerance and superstition Deism
52
Adam Smith
"wealth of nations" 1776 -capitalism -laissez faire: free to do -governments job -protect -defend -public works LIBERALISM
53
Rousseau
"discourse on inequality" -property = inequality "the social contract" -"general will" people agree to be governed -if Leaders put their individual will over general will they should be forced to comply -Emile -childhood is its own phase
54
Mary Wollstonecraft
-a vindication of the rights of women -women are inferior to men because they lack education -died of childbed fever giving birth to daughter, Mary Shelley

History (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions