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History > China Test > Flashcards

China Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Cycle of Chinese History

A

First kings of a dynasty earned right to rule by wisdom and virtue, then they passed rule to sons, who over time became lazy and decadent, last a new man wise and powerful rises

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2
Q

1045-221 BCE

A

Zhou Dynasty in China

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3
Q

479 BCE

A

Death of Confucius

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4
Q

476-221 BCE

A

Warring States Period

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5
Q

400 BCE

A

Earliest versions of Tao Te Ching

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6
Q

221-206 BCE

A

Qin dynasty in China

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7
Q

202 BCE - 221 CE

A

Han Dynasty in China

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8
Q

Oracle Bones

A

tell the future and only kings and rulers could use

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9
Q

2205 - 1766 BCE

A

Xia

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10
Q

1766 - 1122

A

Shang

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11
Q

What happened during the Xia Dynasty

A

considered first dynasty and started the cycle of dynasties.

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12
Q

What happened during the Shang

A

the invention of writing; the development of a stratified government; the advancement of bronze technology; and the use of the chariot and bronze weapons in warfare.

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13
Q

dynasties

A

political authority, held by family groups, over a long period of time (2000 BCE - 1911)

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14
Q

feudalism

A

economic and political system

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15
Q

chinas two great river valleys

A

yellow and yangzi rivers

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16
Q

environmental limits on agriculture

A

agriculture and other elements may have developed spontaneously in several areas of china rather than radiating outward from one central region

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17
Q

geographic reasons for isolation

A

the forbidden landscape severed to isolate the Chinese from advanced agrarian societies in other parts of asia

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18
Q

frontier regions inhabited by peoples of Mongolian, into-european, or turkic extraction

A

Gobi Desert, Central Asia, and Tibetan plateau

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19
Q

mandate of heaven

A

granted right to rule because of virtue, could be lost
(permission)

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20
Q

How would they justify overthrowing one

A

if they lost the mandate

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21
Q

tian

A

heaven but not connected to god and not a person/anthropomorphic

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22
Q

well-field system

A

the peasants worked on lands owned by their lord but also had land of their own to cultivate for their own use

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23
Q

improvements in technology for farming

A

irrigation, field rotation, terrace farming/wet rice cultivation, natural fertilizers and iron plows

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24
Q

rice =
wheat =

A
  • multiple harvest
  • one harvest a year
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25
Q

bureaucracy

A

government run by officials and divided power into ministries

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26
Q

what bureaucracy/ministries was the Zhou dynasty served by

A

rites (traditions), education, law, and public works (infrastructures)

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27
Q

what does dao mean

A

the way, proper way of living

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28
Q

filial piety

A

extreme respect to father/parents. parents should be served in a respectful manner

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29
Q

6 examples of filial piety

A
  1. parent and child
  2. husband and wife
  3. older and younger sibling
  4. older and younger friend
  5. ruler and subject
  6. teacher and student
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30
Q

2 elements in Confucianism interpretation

A

duty and humanity

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31
Q

duty

A

if each individual sought to do their assigned destiny, the affairs of society would prosper

32
Q

humanity

A

involves a sense of compassion and empathy towards others “do not unto others what you would not wish done to yourself”

33
Q

Confucius most striking political idea

A

the government should be open. to all men of superior quality and not limited to those of noble birth, he had himself in mind of “superior men”

34
Q

What does Confucius believe people are

A

essentially good

35
Q

what do legalist believe people are

A

they argued human beings were by nature evil, school of law

36
Q

legalist belief on government

A

they rejected the confucian view that government by superior men could solve society’s problems. they argued for a system of impersonal laws

37
Q

3 time periods with their eras

A

Golden Age,
Spring and Autumn Era, Warring States Period

38
Q

how could the rulers lose the mandate

A

if they didn’t appease gods in order to protect the people from natural calamities or bad harvests

39
Q

analects

A

book of Confucius teachings

40
Q

silver rule

A

more simple, protective, gives freedom

41
Q

Confucius 5 constant values

A

benevolence, ritual propriety righteousnes, wisdom, and integrity

42
Q

who are the xiongnu and where are they

A

nomadic people, north of china and are in the gobi desert

43
Q

capital of Zhou

A

luoyang

44
Q

capital of Han

A

chang an

45
Q

capital of qin

A

xianyang

46
Q

who took power during the warring states period

A

qin

47
Q

Confucius ideas on education

A

study without thought is a waste of time, thought without study is dangerous

48
Q

warring states period

A

new forms of warfare emerged. iron weapons and the intro to foot soldiers and cavalry armed with crossbows

49
Q

what did the centralization of power do

A

unified system of weight and measurement, standardized the monetary system and written form of Chinese characters, ordered the construction of a system of roads extending throughout the empire

50
Q

5 ways the Qin rose to power

A

adopting reforms in agriculture, newgovernment administration, better military organization, the fiscal policy, and the character of the first Qin ruler (Qin Chi Huang-di)

51
Q

how the Qin dynasty transformed Chinese politics

A

legalism - centralized government
burning books that presented ideas contrary to the official orthodoxy

52
Q

feudal system of Qin dynasty

A

kings gave nobles land in exchange for money and the peasants work the land and give the nobles crops and food along with protection

53
Q

population rise during Qin dynsasty

A

20 million

54
Q

trade focused on what luxury goods -qin dynasty

A

silk, salt, and jade

55
Q

effects of food production - Qin dynasty

A

population rise, growth of commerce, economic wealth replaced aristocracy in power, trade focused on luxury goods

56
Q

explain political structures

A

to have a money economy you need a strong social order

57
Q

how did the Qin weaken the aristocrats

A

divided their estates among the peasants, now taxed directly by the states

58
Q

nomadic lifestyle before climate change

A

hunting, fishing, forms of agriculture, herding animals

59
Q

nomadic lifestyle after drier climate

A

animal husbandry, horseback, nomadic life

60
Q

challenges to Qin from the xiongnu

A

threat to chinas northern frontier, principalities built walls of tamped earth/stone, overrun by warriors on horseback

61
Q

qins reaction to raids

A

archers mounted on steady horses, strengthened walls and added fortifications, the Great Wall of china

62
Q

explain fall of the qin

A
  • legalist system wasn’t efficient
  • dangers of factions of imperial family
  • eunuchs were a position of influence and rivalry between inter and outer tour, led to tensions
  • landed aristocrats, confucian intellectuals, and common people against censorship of : thought and speech, harsh taxes, and forced labor taxes
  • when the emperor died in 210 BCE the dynasty fell apart
63
Q

where was Qin shi huang buried

A

in his tomb at the foot of the mount li

64
Q

terrocata army

A

used to guard the “spirit road” leading to the tomb entry, army of life size terrocata soldiers to protect emperor in afterlife

65
Q

founder of the Han dynasty

A

liu bang or Han Gaozu or exalted emperor of Han

66
Q

founder of Zhou dynasty

A

Wu or wen

67
Q

founder of Qin dynasty

A

Shihuangdi

68
Q

what did the Han dynasty keep and reject from the qin

A

kept - maintained the centralized political institutions of the Qin
reject - abandoned its harsh legalist approach to law enforcements

69
Q

what led to fall of Han dynasty

A

Peasant uprisings, population growth, wars and corruption that took place in the courts

70
Q

civil service examination

A

administrated to candidates for positions in bureaucracy

71
Q

how did population growth transform life in Han dynasty china

A

reduced average size of a family farm to about one acre per person, barely enough for survival

72
Q

why did Han not like merchants

A

Their great fortunes and landholdings became a threat to some people, particularly those in the class held by government officials.

73
Q

what did Han do the merchants

A

levied stiff taxes on trade in an effort to limit commercial activities. they were subject to severe social constraints, disqualified from seeking office, and restricted in their place of residence. viewed as parasites

74
Q

gproblems wang man recognized

A

depraved rulers amused themselves with the pleasures of court life, power and influence of the central government began to wane. amassing vast land estates and transforming free farmers to tenants

75
Q

how did wang man dress the problems

A

declared foundation of Xin, confiscated great estates, restored ancient well-field system, and abolish slavery

History (6 decks)

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