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History international relations/USA > history quizes 1-5 > Flashcards

history quizes 1-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the big three who attended the Paris Peace Conference.

A

Clemenceau (France), Lloyd George (Britain), Wilson (USA)

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2
Q

What number clause was war guilt?

A

Clause 231

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3
Q

How much were the reparations that Germany would have to pay to France?

A

£6.6 billion

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4
Q

Name four military restrictions imposed upon Germany.

A

No air force, No submarines, 6 battleships, 100,000 soldiers

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5
Q

Name three territories in Europe that were taken from Germany, and name which countries they were given to.

A

Alsace-Lorraine given to France, East Prussia given to Poland, Sudetenland given to Czechoslovakia

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6
Q

What were the names of the other treaties and who were they given to?

A

-Treaty of St. Germain (Austria)
-Treaty of Trianon (Hungary)
-Treaty of Sevres (Turkey)
-Treaty of Neuily (Bulgaria)

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7
Q

Name two of Wilson’s 14 Points for Peace

A

Move Italian borders
Create Poland

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8
Q

Give two reasons why the French leader wanted to punish Germany to harshly.

A

Revenge for the war, to prevent Germany from invading again in the future

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9
Q

What was the popular phrase in the British media at the time about how they wanted Germany to be punished?

A

Squeeze them until the pips squeak!

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10
Q

Give two different words to describe Wilson’s attitude towards the future

A

Idealistic, Internationalist

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11
Q

What date did the League of Nations start?

A

1st January 1920

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12
Q

What four countries made up the permanent members of the council?

A

Britain, France, Italy, Japan

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13
Q

What was the name of the Italian leader who demanded the League assist him in the Corfu Incident and which Italian military leader was killed here?

A

Mussolini, Tellini

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14
Q

Name the meetings/conferences and treaties discussed in the 1920s that were not run by the L. of N., and the years they were held.

A

Rapallo (1922)
Dawes Plan (1924)
Locarno (1925)
Kellogg-Brian’s Plan (1928)
Young Plan (1929)

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15
Q

Which two countries disputed over the Aaland Islands, what was the outcome and what year did it happen?

A

Finland, Sweden, League gave the islands to Finland, 1921

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16
Q

What were the names of the French and German leaders who worked together in the 1920s?

A

Briand and Stresemann

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17
Q

What year was Germany accepted into the League?

A

1926

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18
Q

What were the four aims of the League?

A

-Discourage aggression from any nation.
-Encourage nations to disarm.
-Encourage countries to cooperate (business and trade)
-Improve the living and working conditions of people in all parts of the world.

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19
Q

Name two other groups that made up the L. of N. other than the assembly or council.

A

The Health Committee, The Refugees Committee

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20
Q

When was the Wall Street Crash?

A

24th October 1929

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21
Q

When did the Japanese invade Manchuria?

A

September 1931

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22
Q

What was the incident used as an excuse by the Japanese to invade?

A

The Mukden Incident

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23
Q

Give details about the League’s response to the Manchurian Crisis.

A

-Lord Lytton sent to Manchuria to investigate.
-Lytton report was produced a year later in September 1932.
-Said that Japan must leave or face trade sanctions.
-There were no military sanctions, so Japan ignored the report and left the League.

24
Q

When did Italy invade Abyssinia and when did they win the war?

A

October 1935 - May 1936

25
Q

What secret agreement was signed about Abyssinia, when, by who, what did it basically say, and what was the outcome?

A

The Hoare-Laval Pact, December 1935, by the British (Hoare) and French (Laval) Foreign Secretaries.
They gave Italy possession of large chunks of Abyssinia in return for stopping the war.
The story was leaked to the newspaper, which humiliated both countries and caused them to resign.
Mussolini continued the war until May 1936.

26
Q

What was Hitler’s main aim with his foreign policy?

A

Tear up the Treaty of Versailles

27
Q

What were Hitler’s foreign policy actions between 1936 - 1939 and when did they happen?

A

The Remilitarisation of the Rhineland (1936), The Rome-Berlin Axis (1936), The Anschluss with Austria (1938), The Annexation of the Sudetenland (1938), Invasion of Czechoslovakia (1939), The Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939), The Invasion of Poland (1939)

28
Q

What was the name of the British Prime Minister who tried to tackle Hitler and what was the name of his policy towards him, where did the meet and when?

A

Neville Chamberlain, Policy of Appeasement, Munich Conference in September 1938.

29
Q

Who were the Big Three at the Potsdam Conference?

A

Stalin (USSR), Truman (USA), Atlee (UK)

30
Q

What was Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech?

A

Given in USA in 1946 claiming there were a divide in Europe with Communism on the East and Capitalism on the West, seen as a declaration of war by some Communists.

31
Q

Name some of the countries that were liberated by the USSR and then became members of the Warsaw Pact.

A

East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania

32
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

An announcement by President Truman to offer support to any country threatened by Communism.

33
Q

How much did the USA offer in Marshall Aid and when was it given?

A

$17 billion, given in 1948

34
Q

When did the Berlin Blockade and Airlift start and finish?

A

June 1948 - May 1949

35
Q

What does NATO stand for and what are 6 numbers from its creation in 1949?

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, USA, Canada, France, UK, Italy, Belgium

36
Q

What year was Germany allowed to join NATO?

A

1955

37
Q

When was the Chinese Revolution, who was the new leader and what was his ideology?

A

1949, Mao, Communist

38
Q

When was the Korean War and what was it (for the USA)

A

1950 - 1953, Proxy War
- Korea divided in two (North and South) - looked after by USSR/China and USA/NATO
- Communist north invaded south and NATO/USA concerned about spread of Communism.
- USSR sent weapons to support Chinese soldiers (USSR didn’t join)
- USA/NATO sent soldiers as well.
- Stalemate happened and armistice was agreed

39
Q

Name the different types of nuclear weapons developed in the 1940s and 1950s by the USA and the USSR in the Nuclear Arms Race.

A

A-Bomb (Atomic Bomb), H-Bomb (Hydrogen Bomb), ICBM (Intercontinental Ballistic Missile)

40
Q

When did the Berlin Wall go up, where did the Berlin Crisis happen, and what happened?

A

August 1961, Checkpoint Charlie, US and USSR tanks faced off against each other, nearly igniting WWIII.

41
Q

When was the Cuban Revolution, who was the president, and who became the new leader of Cuba?

A

1959, Batista, Fidel Castro

42
Q

What was the failed invasion of Cuba (by exiles) called in 1961?

A

The Bay of Pigs Invasion

43
Q

Describe the order of events of the Cuban Missile Crisis.

A

USA had missiles in Turkey; USA failed to remove Castro after the Bay of Pigs; Castro looked for help from the USSR; Khrushchev sent nuclear missiles to Cuba to defend it; American U2 spy places captured evidence of missile build up on Cuba; USA blockades Cuba; USSR turns around and withdraws missiles, USA withdraws missiles from Turkey.

44
Q

Give three reasons for the USA getting involved in the Vietnam War.

A

Military-Industrial complex - US Gov. gave lots of money to defence; spent money on expanding/making factories to make weapons; going to war would be ‘good for business’
Containment (domino theory) - Russia communist in 1917, China in 1949, North Korea invaded south in 1950, communism in North Vietnam; fear that it was going to spread
accidentally slipped into it - Tonkin Incident

45
Q

When was the Vietnam War?

A

1955-1975

46
Q

Give reasons for the USA’s failure to win the Vietnam War.

A

Commitment of the Viet Cong:
- Guerrilla warfare
- about 1 million Viet Cong/North Vietnamese killed in war; Ho Chi Minh prepared for that loss and there were replacement troops available - refusal to give in.
- US and South Vietnamese planes bombed Ho Chi Minh trail constantly, but 40,000 Vietnamese people wanted it open at all costs.
Support for the war in USA:
- My Lai Massacre - US forces killed 300-400 innocent civilians; challenged the idea that the USA was a force for good for Americans. (also challenged by use of chemical weapons)
- Public opinion turning against war for many reasons - cost: MLK pointed out US government was spending $500,000 to kill one enemy, while spending $53 a year to help poor; social inequality: draft exposed social and racial inequality.

47
Q

Who were the Big Three at the Yalta Conference?

A

Churchill (UK), Roosevelt (USA), Stalin (USSR)

48
Q

Successes of L of N

A

-Aaland Islands
-In October 1925, Greece invaded Bulgaria, Bulgaria appealed to the League, Greece reluctantly withdrew

49
Q

Points the ‘Big Three’ agreed on at the Yalta Conference

A
  • Stalin agreed to join war against Japan.
  • Countries liberated from Germany would be able to choose their government in free elections.
  • Nazi war criminals would be tracked down.
  • Eastern Europe would become a Soviet ‘sphere of influence’
50
Q

Points the Big Three disagreed on at the Yalta Conference

A
  • Stalin wanted the border of USSR to be moved westwards into Poland.
  • Churchill and Roosevelt disapproved but agreed, as long as Stalin agreed to not interfere in Greece, where the British were trying to prevent communists taking over.
51
Q

The Potsdam Conference

A
  • After Germany’s defeat.
  • tension higher than at Yalta, as there was less pressure to show a united front; USSR set up communist government in Poland against wish of Poles; Truman was much more anti-communist and suspicious of Stalin; USA had been testing atomic bomb.
52
Q

Disagreements at Potsdam in terms of Germany

A
  • Stalin wanted to cripple Germany completely, but Truman didn’t want to repeat the mistake of the T. of V.
53
Q

Disagreements at Potsdam in terms of reparations

A
  • 20 million Russians had died in the war and Stalin wanted compensation from Germany.
  • Truman agreed initially, but changed his mind and Stalin was confused why Truman would want to protect Germany.
54
Q

Disagreements at Potsdam in terms of Eastern Europe

A
  • At Yalta, Stalin won agreement from Allies that he could set up pro-Soviet governments in Eastern Europe.
  • He insisted that his control of the region was a defensive measure.
  • Truman became concerned about Soviet intentions and adopted a ‘get tough’ attitude.
55
Q

Tonkin Incident

A
  • August 1964
  • American naval vessel attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of North Vietnam, by North Vietnamese torpedo boats.
  • Provoked Johnson into retaliating with military attacks in North Vietnam.
56
Q

What happened in the Tet Offensive?

A
  • Jan. 1968 - during Tet new year, Viet Cong attacked over 100 cities
  • US and SVA forces retook towns quickly - heavy Viet Cong loss (about 10,000)
  • 500,000 US troops in Vietnam and was costing $20 billion per year.

History international relations/USA (12 decks)

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