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Yoga - YTT MODULE 1 > History of Yoga Part 1 > Flashcards

History of Yoga Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Om

A

Aum is everything.

It is the source.

It is the vibration and consciousness of the entire universe.

Om refers to Atman (soul, self within) and Brahman (ultimate reality, entirety of the universe, truth, divine, supreme spirit, cosmic principles, knowledge).

It is a sacred sound and a spiritual symbol.

It is the whole universe coalesced into a single word, representing the union of mind, body, and spirit that is at the heart of yoga.

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2
Q

In the eastern traditions, how do they believe the universe was created and still sustained?

A

In the eastern traditions it is believed that Om, the primordial sound, created and is still sustaining the Universe.

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3
Q

Yogic philosophy believes that …

A

…the universe emerged from the sound

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4
Q

All matter is ultimately …?

A

Vibration! All matter is ultimately vibration.

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5
Q

Quantum physics has taken a leaf out of these philosophies when it says that

A

light, sound, and matter are one and the same thing. Therefore saying that matter is frozen sound.

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6
Q

All matter is vibrating at a particular frequency and this vibration is producing what?

A

SOUND! All matter is vibrating at a particular frequency and this vibration is producing sound. Even if they are outside the audible range that our ears can pick up on.

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7
Q

If each one of us is emanating a particular sound, might it be possible to

A

begin altering that sound/vibration through chanting,

If each one of us is emanating a particular sound, might it be possible to begin altering that sound/vibration through chanting,

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8
Q

“The practice of chanting mantra is not about the meanings ascribed,

A

it is about the vibration/sound created.”

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9
Q

The difference we see in matter is all a consequence of different

A

vibrations. For example, rice and vegetables appear very different. However, at an atomic level both are structurally made out of Carbon atoms. The difference we see between the two is a result of a different structural arrangement of these Carbon atoms that is caused by varied vibrational frequencies.

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10
Q

Om carries a special vibratory tone that helps us connect to

A

the root vibration of the cosmos.

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11
Q

The sound Om carries the vibrational frequency of

A

432 Hertz. This is why all classical Indian and Tibetan music tune the base tone for their instruments to 432 Hertz.

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12
Q

We can now calculate the vibration produced by the Earth rotating on its own axis. The Earth rotates when?

A

Once every 24 hrs! The Earth rotates once every 24 hrs, which is what causes day and night.

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13
Q

The vibrational frequency created by the Earth rotating is how many hertz?

A

432 Hertz. (Same as Om)

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14
Q

The ancient Yogi’s claimed that in advanced stages of meditation you can hear the Sound

A

“Om”. Possibly these Yogi’s during their meditations, were tuning into the vibration/sound being produced by the Earth’s rotation.

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15
Q

Om is comprised of how many syllables?

A

3

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16
Q

What are the 3 syllables?

A

A, U and M

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17
Q

A, U and M are the only three root syllables/ sounds that we humans can make without what?

A

Without using our tongue! There are many more sounds that we can make without the use of our tongue, but they are all considered to be a mixture of these three main root syllables.

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18
Q

A - This syllable represents what?

A

the waking state of consciousness. When we chant this syllable, it is supposed to vibrate in the pelvic region of our body.

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19
Q

U - This syllable represents what?

A

the dream state of consciousness. When we chant this syllable, it is supposed to vibrate in the chest region of our body.

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20
Q

M - This syllable represents what?

A

the deep sleep state of consciousness. When we chant this syllable, it is supposed to vibrate in the head region of our body.

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21
Q

. - This syllable represents what?

A

The dot or (Turiya) refers to the silence that is experienced after chanting OM. This represents infinite consciousness.

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22
Q

We begin every yoga class by chanting Om how many times?

A

THRICE

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23
Q

Why do we chant AUM thrice before any yoga class?

A

This is done to attune our vibrational field with that of the cosmos and the Earth.

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24
Q

Chanting is also a good way to what?

A

Chanting is also a good way to clear the mind from past distractions and ground oneself into the present moment.

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25
Q

Everyone will have a portion of their awareness still caught up in the tasks that they were involved in earlier, so how many times should we chant and why?

A

3 times. It helps to clear the minds of the students and the teacher. It brings everyone to the same uniform field to begin the session.

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26
Q

At the end of every session we chant what?

A

1 OM and 3 shantis

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27
Q

Why do we chant 1 OM and 3 shantis at the end of every session?

A

Shanti translates to Peace. The first Shanti is a request for Cosmic/ Universal Peace, the second for Planetary peace and the third for Inner peace.

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28
Q

In which archeological sites have stone carvings showing figures in yoga postures have been found ?

A

Yoga postures have been found in the Indus Valley dating back 5,000 years or more. (The Indus Valley Civilisation was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.)

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29
Q

Yoga comes from which civilization? & which scriptures?

A

the Indo-Sarasvati civilization and the scriptures of the Vedas and Upanishads.

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30
Q

The Indo-Sarasvati civilization is also often referred to as?

A

the ‘Aryans

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31
Q

The Indo-Sarasvati civilization traces back to when?

A

6500 before the common era (BCE). The Indo-Sarasvati civilization is said to possibly be the oldest civilization.

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32
Q

Yoga was an oral tradition when?

A

In antiquity/ in the ancient past.

33
Q

Written evidence is hard to come by. The first source of written evidence stems from where and when?

A

the Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1800 B.C.E).

34
Q

The Indus Valley Civilization was located where?

A

in North-West India and present-day Pakistan. This was one of the oldest known civilizations that existed on the banks of the Indus River.

Located right in the middle of the ancient silk-route that was a massive trade route that carried goods from China, India, Asia, the Middle-East, Europe, and Africa.

This civilization was highly prosperous, freeing up many people from having to spend large amounts of time tending to basic needs. As a result culture, music, art, architecture, philosophy and spiritual practice evolved and spread. The Civilization became an epicenter for new ideas, schools of thought, and spiritual practices.

35
Q

Towards the latter half of the Civilization, what happened?

A

increased wealth also gave rise to power and hierarchy within the society. During this time many of the practices became ritualised. Alongside the increased emphasis on ritual, the caste system became institutionalized.

36
Q

What were the 4 castes and what did they mean?

A

Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra.

initially were simply linguistic terms used to describe a particular orientation within an individual.

37
Q

Brahmin was used to describe a person who was…?

A

“Spiritually oriented”

38
Q

Kshatriya was used to describe someone who was…?

A

a leader or “Politically oriented”.

39
Q

Vaishya was used to describe someone who was…?

A

an entrepreneur or “Materially/ business-oriented”.

40
Q

Shudra was used to describe someone who ..

A

worked for others/ had no individual agency.

41
Q

Originally, the caste/ terms were originally not pegged to birth or blood, however a towards a certain time, these demarcations became linked with blood. When was this?

A

towards the closing period of the civilization.

42
Q

During which period, was the first systematic presentation of yoga put down in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali.

A

the classical period

43
Q

Who was Patanjali?

A

was a sage in India, thought to be the author of a number of Sanskrit works. The greatest of these are the Yoga Sutras, a classical yoga text.

He’s believed to have compiled all available knowledge about attaining enlightenment (Samadhi) at that time and he structured it in a very systematic way.

44
Q

196 Yoga Sutras describe the path of which yoga?

A

Raja Yoga, which is known as “classical yoga”

45
Q

Who is considered the father of yoga?

A

Patanjali

46
Q

Generally, the Sutras teach us what?

A

the Sutras teach us that there is pain and suffering in life that should be avoided (heya), that this pain and suffering has a cause (heyahetu), that removal of pain is possible (hana), and finally that there are ways to remove the pain and suffering (hanopaya).

the Sutras teach us that there is pain and suffering in life that should be avoided, that this pain and suffering has a cause, that removal of pain is possible and finally that there are ways to remove the pain and suffering.

47
Q

In Buddhism, this might sound very familiar and should remind you of what?

A

the ‘Four Noble Truths’

48
Q

The scripture was supposedly written at the same time as when the Buddha lived. It is very likely that what?

A

Patanjali and Buddha were taught by the same lineage of masters in the Indian Himalayas.

49
Q

Who mainly performed India’s ancient Vedic religion?

A

The rishis, yogis, and pandits (priests)

50
Q

In which classical period did practices emerge to rejuvenate both body and life?

A

the post-classical period

51
Q

in the post-classical period, practices emerged to rejuvenate both body and life, which laid the basis of what?

A

‘Tantra Yoga’

52
Q

According to the yogis, true happiness, liberation, and enlightenment comes from where?

A

the union of the universal consciousness with the self (individual consciousness).

true happiness, liberation, and enlightenment comes from the union of the universal consciousness with the self (individual consciousness)..

53
Q

What is yoga?

A

Yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root word ‘yuj’, which means ‘to join’, or ‘to unite’.

54
Q

Since yoga is derived from the Sanskrit root word ‘yuj’, which means ‘to join’, or ‘to unite’, what are we uniting?

A

This union is between individual consciousness and universal consciousness.

55
Q

Yoga can also be the union between?

A

Ahamkara (Ego) and Atman (Soul).

56
Q

There are numerous practices and tools, which, when applied systematically, intend to bring us into which state?

A

this state of unified consciousness.

57
Q

Yoga is one of the seven major philosophical systems. T or F

A

True.

Yoga is one of the seven major philosophical systems.

58
Q

In yoga, the emphasis is on what?

A

self-practice first.

59
Q

Patanjali, who is commonly referred to as the “Father of Yoga” was alive

A

2500 years ago.

60
Q

Patanjali was a pivotal player in bringing these teachings to the larger society in India. T or F

A

True

61
Q

What are the yoga sutras?

A

The yoga sutras contains 196 concise verses (Sutra’s) explaining the practice and the pathway to reaching Union (Yoga).

62
Q

The Sutra’s are extremely concise. Concepts are never what?

A

Concepts are never repeated or carified. Each Sutra contains many layers of meaning.

63
Q

“Based on where the spiritual aspirant is within his or her own path, they will interpret the Sutras differently”

A

“Based on where the spiritual aspirant is within his or her own path, they will interpret the Sutras differently”

64
Q

What was the intention of Patanjali when he wrote the Yoga Sutras?

A

He wanted these teachings to remain an inner experience rather than become ritualised dogma.

65
Q

What does the word Sutra mean?

A

Thread. The word “Sutra” means thread.

In this sense, Patanjali has provided us with the threads for us to weave our own cloth. Each teacher of Yoga philosophy then borrows these threads from Patanjali to weave their own cloth based on the state of their spiritual practice and life experiences.

66
Q

Why did no text exist solely focused upon the practice and philosophy of yoga before the Yoga Sutras?

A

This is primarily because Yoga is considered to be Atman-Gyan (Soul Knowledge). The knowledge that can only be passed on from one soul to another.

67
Q

Prior to Patanjali, Yoga was mainly practiced by

A

Masters who had renounced their material lives (i.e. family, career, friends, etc.). These Yogi’s were completely dedicated to spiritual practice and self-realisation.

68
Q

What is Patanjali’s definition of Yoga?

A

“Yoga is the Process of Controlling the Modifications of the Mind”.

69
Q

Where can we find Patanjali’s definition of Yoga?

A

in the 2nd Sutra, YogasChittaVrittiNirodhah

70
Q

How does Patanjali see the mind?

A

Patanjali sees the mind as a projector. It creates our reality. It is spread thin, in multiple directions. Some of our awareness locked up in the past (memories) and some in the future. Our mind loses its innate ability to manifest reality as it truly wishes.

71
Q

This is because the mind in itself is unsure of what it really wishes for. When the mind removes these distractions and is able to focus itself, it gains a tremendous power. RPT

A

the mind in itself is unsure of what it really wishes for. When the mind removes these distractions and is able to focus itself, it gains a tremendous power.

In this sense Yoga is the process of collecting the lost fragments of our awareness/ psyche.

72
Q

We begin to unify our minds wherein we begin to control our minds instead of being controlled by our minds. When the mind assumes this state of tranquility, awareness of the Soul (Atman) is apparent. rpt

A

We begin to unify our minds wherein we begin to control our minds instead of being controlled by our minds. When the mind assumes this state of tranquility, awareness of the Soul (Atman) is apparent.

73
Q

What is SANATHAN DHARMA

A

Sanathan Dharma can be seen as the foundational principle underpinning Hinduism. “Sanathan” means universal, and “Dharma” means religion or duty or purpose.

74
Q

“Sanathan” means what?

A

universal

75
Q

“Dharma” means what?

A

religion or duty or purpose

76
Q

Whether these beings are conscious or unconscious about it, what is the goal towards which all beings are heading.

A

self-realisation. Self-realisation is the goal towards which all beings are heading.

77
Q

Sanathan Dharma - what is the universal purpose of all beings everywhere?

A

to become self-realised.

78
Q

How do religion and spiritual tradition differ?

A

Religion assumes power over the way individuals interact with the divine. They dictate the terms, rules and have a network of middlemen (priests) that are the go-between God and the individual.

On the other hand, a spiritual tradition provides one with the tools to become self-actualised. To be able to connect to a higher spiritual purpose without the need for any external authority. However, we must realise that all religions are ultimately founded upon spiritual traditions.

Therefore, there is a gradual gradient between a spiritual tradition and religion, whereby the distinctions between the two can oftentimes become blurred.

Yoga - YTT MODULE 1 (6 decks)

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