History of Spiritual Nursing Care Flashcards
Nursing in Pre-Christian times, religious beliefs had great bearing on the attitude towards the sick and the mode of caring for the sick and the suffering.
Pre-Christian Era
“Code of Hammurabi” is an important law code made in Mesopotamia during the reign of the Babylonians
Babylonia
Christianity believed that one should render services of love to humanity without any reward. It was equal to one’s sincere love of God. This principle was absorbed in nursing and helped to improve the status of a nurse.
Pre-Christian Era
This code was special because it was the first code that included laws to deal with everyone in the current society.
Code of Hammurabi
Early Buddhist discovered in China the curative value of many plants led to nursing therapeutics employing herbology.
China
Perfected the art of handwashing and included a role for the male nurse
India
Ancient druidic priests and priestess advised on care and healing in illness
Ireland
A country where medicine contained a strong element of religious magic in its origin.
Egypt
Perfected the art of embalming
Egypt
Produced the first physician
Imhotep
Produced medical textbook
Ebers Papyrus
Instinctive nursing care existed at this time
Egypt
Nursing care in the Greco-Roman era was largely the responsibility of members of the patient’s own family or slaves
Greece
The Ancient Greek Physician
Hippocrates
He is an Ancient Greek Physician who instructed caregivers to “use their eyes and ears, and to reason from facts rather than from assumptions
Hippocrates
Hippocrates taught
“Fluid diet only should be given in fevers”
“Cold sponging for high temperatures”
“Hot gargles for acute tonsillitis”
The god of Healing
Aesculapius
Goddess of Health
Hygeia
Restorer of Health
Panacea
Natural of folk remedies was used in the care of sick in Roman households
Rome
He is a Roman Elder and found the treatment and care of gout, colic, indigestion, constipation, and pain in the side
Cato
They were offered libations in petition for favors related to health and illness needs
Roman Gods
One of the first recorded acts of nursing heroism and courage
Veronica of Jerusalem
Present during Christ’s painful journey to Calvary and cleansed the bleeding face of Jesus with her veil
Veronica of Jerusalem
Often cited as a model for nurses
Veronica of Jerusalem
Among the first “titled” followers of Jesus for whom care of the sick and infirm was identified
Deacon & Deaconesses
Jesus exhorted to give a “cup of cold water” in His name so these early disciples of Christianity opened their homes to those in need of physical and emotional care
Deacon & Deaconesses
One of the first recorded acts of nursing heroism and courage
Deacon & Deaconesses
Women who converted to Christianity and used their power and wealth to support charitable work of nursing the sick
Roman Matrons
Founded hospitals and convents, living ascetic lives dedicated to the care of the ill and infirm
The Matrons
Roman Matrons are
-St. Helena
-Paula
-Marcella
Started the first “gerokomion” or home for the aged infirm in the Roman Empire
St. Helena (Flavia Helena)
founded the first hospice for pilgrims in Bethlehem.
St.Paula
She managed the institutions and personally nursed the tired and the sick for almost 20 years.
St.Paula
She founded a community of religious women whose primary concern was care of the sick poor.
St. Marcella
Devoted her life to charitable works and prayer.
St. Marcella
Founded the Holy Cross Monastery. Established a hospice and cared lovingly and tenderly those afflicted with leprosy
St. Ragunde
A cultured and scholarly woman, directed her monastic community in the care of the sick including the lepers
St. Hilda
Founded the great monastery of Kildare, where the ill were received with charity and compassion
St. Brigid
Learned a great deal on illness and healing during internship of nursing in Disibodenberg infirmary.
Hildegard of Bingen
Considered the patron of those who tend the sick. Gave words of sympathy when he could not give words of hope.
St. Francis of Assisi
St. Francis would be sending the diseased and deformed to St. Clare and her nuns who nursed them in little huts of mud and branches.
St. Clare of Assisi
A princess of Thuringia who, after her husband’s death in the Crusades, entered the Third Order of St. Francis and committed her life to the care of the sick poor.
St. Elizabeth of Hungary
Known to contemporary healthcare providers as the “Patroness of Nursing,” entered the Tertiaries of St. Dominic while still in her teens
St. Catherine of Siena
During the Black Plague epidemic in 1372, she walked night and day in the wards, only resting for a few hours and then in an adjacent house
St. Catherine of Siena
He became concerned about the lack of care for the poor and needy especially the sick poor in 17th century France
St. Vincent de Paul
He began gathering together a band of laity to visit and care for the sick and the poor, naming them the Confraternity of Charity
St. Vincent de Paul
A wealthy widow, was directed by Vincent to become the first leader of the small community.
Louise de Marillac
The American Sisters of Charity followers of the vision of St. Vincent de Paul was founded by
Elizabeth Bayley Seton
She is an Episcopalian, who served the poor first with the Protestant Sisters of Charity then later converted to Catholicism.
Elizabeth Bayley Seton
Established a building of classrooms, dormitories, a clinic, and a chapel labeling it the “House of Mercy”
Catherine McAuley
She obtained permission to visit the wards of several Dublin hospitals with her nuns to bring consolation to the patients
Mother Catherine
They were sent to the Crimea by the English government and labored with Florence Nightingale
Sisters of Mercy
Protestant community of women with a primary ministry of nursing the sick was founded by a young Lutheran Minister, Theodore Fleidner
Kaiserswerth Deaconesses
Together with his wife, Frederika Munster, they gathered a group of women who would visit and nurse the sick poor in their homes
Kaiswerswerth Deaconesses
What are the four key branches of work of Kaiserswerth Deaconesses
- Nursing
- Relief of the poor
- Care of Children
- Work among unfortunate women
What is the role of the contemporary Lutheran deaconess
The role of the contemporary Lutheran deaconesses is to “serve God’s people through spiritual care and works of mercy.’
Their ministry centers on the concepts of “agape love and love of neighbor” as well as a sense of “mercifulness and community”
Kaiserswerth Deaconesses
A community is not considered a religious “order”
Florence Nightingale’s community
She was one of the first to bring spirituality and science together to improve the care of the sick
Florence Nightingale
Central to Nightingale’s spirituality was her belief in the greatness of God, as the
“Spirit of Truth”
She is the World War 1 Nurse
Edith Cavell
Was one of the greatest nursing heroines during the first world war who moved to Brussels, Belgium in order to become director of a new school of nursing.
Edith Cavell
She began to cooperate with underground efforts to try and save the lives of wounded Allied soldiers whom the occupation forces planned to either kill or imprison.
Edith Cavell
What were the Edith Cavell’s last recorded words before her death?
“I have nothing to regret. If I had to do it over again, I would do just as I did.”
Sisters of Mercy
Catherine McAuley
Sisters of Charity
Elizabeth Bayley Seton
