History of Psychopathology Flashcards
What did ancient civilisations see psychological distress as?
A manifestation of supernatural forces (spirits, deities and witchcraft)
How did ancient civilisations treat mental illness?
Trepanning Prayer Rituals Spells Natural remedies
When did trepanning occur?
6500 B.C.
What do witch trials and inquisitions show?
That psychological distress is not a modern day phenomenon
What did Hippocrates see mental illness as?
An imbalance of the 4 humours
What did Robert Burton describe as causes of melancholy?
Poverty, fear and solitude
What did Kraepelin classify mental disorders as?
Exogenous and endogenous
Psychoanalytic theories
Freud (1856-1939)
Psychopathology is caused by unconscious processes
Drives, repression and conflict
Behavioural theories
Skinner (1904-1990)
Psychopathology is learned through classical and operant conditioning
Humanistic-existential approaches
Rogers (1902-1987)
Suffering results from incongruence and thwarted self-actualisation
Cognitive models
Psychopathology is explained by interactions between the environment, cognitions, physiology and behaviour
Recovery Approach
Anthony 1993
Less about curing, more about recovery
Mental health is for everyone rather than just those in a particularly bad state
This approach aimed to reintroduce mentally ill people back into society instead of housing them away from everyone
What does the recovery approach emphasise restoring?
Dignity
Autonomy
Opportunity
Social inclusion
Biological model
Genetics - vulnerability to mental disorders
Neurochemical dysfunction - serotonin and dopamine
Environmental stress - HPA axis stress response
Acquired lesions to brain regions
Biopsychosocial model
Takes everything into account
