Child/Developmental Disorders Flashcards
Bobo doll experiment
Bandura (1963)
Argues that people can learn new information and behaviours by watching others and imitating them ‘modelling’
Children who observed their caregiver being aggressive towards the bobo doll were more likely to be aggressive towards it too
What is modelling?
When children learn from observing their parents’ behaviour
Children with parents with anxiety are ___ times more likely to develop an anxiety disorder
7
Critique of modelling
It is hard to determine what is genetic and what is modelled
Winnicott (1896-1971)
Found that children who remained in the cities with their loved ones during the blitz fared better than those who were evacuated
They were taller, more psychologically at ease and put on weight more easily
What is the conclusion from Winicott’s study?
Children who stayed with their parents had someone who could meet their needs as they were well understood
Bowlby’s attachment theory
We have an innate need to attach
Attachment behaviours serve to keep the caregiver close, improving the child’s chance of survival
What is an attachment?
A lasting psychological connectedness between human beings
Fahlberg’s arousal-relaxation cycle
Baby rests Baby experiences discomfort or need Baby protests (cries) Caregiver responds Baby calms and trust develops Baby plays and interacts with mother Repeats
Internal working model
Child’s expectation of themselves and others
Guides behaviour, relationships and emotional development
If needs are met they learn that they are lovable, worthy and other people are trustworthy
Ainsworth Strange Situation (1970)
3 attachment styles
Secure
Avoidant
Ambivalent
Children placed in situation with their caregiver and allowed to play
Many different stages including the caregiver leaving the room and the introduction of a stranger
Secure attachment
Caregiver comes when the child has a need
Child uses caregiver as safe base for exploration
Soothed by attachment figure when distressed
Insecure avoidant attachment
Do not orient to their attachment figure
Very independent as they have learned that their caregiver does not come when they have a need
Do not seek caregiver upon distress
Insecure ambivalent attachment
Commonly exhibits clingy and dependent behaviour but will be rejecting of the attachment figure when they engage in interaction
Child doesn’t develop any feelings of security from caregiver
Difficulty moving away from caregiver to explore
Difficult to soothe
Results from an inconsistent response from the caregiver to their needs
Main & Solomon (1990)
Added disorganised to the attachment types
