History of Psychology Flashcards
Who is William James?
School of functionalism
inspired by Darwin’s theory of evolution
what did William James study?
School of functionalism- How do mental activities help an organism fit into the environment.
Also used introspective
Who is Wilhelm Wundt- what did he study
School of structuralism
Opened the first psychological Laboratory
Background in physiology
what did Wilhelm Wundt study?
School of structuralism: reducing mental processes to most basic elements.
Studied consciousness using introspection: examining one’s conscious experienced
Measured reaction times
Who was Freud and what was his theory?
Interested in the concepts of hysteria and neuroses
Psychoanalytic theory: role of the unconscious and childhood experiences to explain current behavior
Feelings and urges that are not in our everyday awareness
The history of the rise of behaviorism in the US
the basis of behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapy today.
Ivan Pavlov, John B, Watson, & B. F. Skinner
inductive reasoning is?
Broad generalizations from specific observations
deductive reasoning is?
Inference based on widely accepted facts
Difference between inductive and deductive reasoning
Inductive is based on broad generalizations and deductive is from accepted facts.
What are the basic principles of classical/operant conditioning?
Classical- Automatic conditioned response paired with specific stimulus
Operant- rewards and punishments for behavior
what is a theory?
used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
Difference between functionalism and structuralism?
interested in the working of he whole mind rather than individual parts
