HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Question 1

a collection of the different works, both oral and written, that have been compiled by Filipinos detailing their everyday life, struggles, and imagination whilst living in the Philippine society. It is also defined as a product, reflection, and reaction to the period, and the people who produced it. (Balabar, et.al.,1989)

Answer 1

Philippine Literature

Question 2

WHO has stipulated reasons why there is a need for us to study Philippine Literature.

Answer 2

Ang (2016)

Question 3

why there is a need for us to study Philippine Literature

Answer 3

To appreciate our literary heritage
For us to realize our literary limitations conditioned by certain historical factors so we can take steps to overcome them.
To understand that we have a great and noble tradition.
To show that as Filipinos who take pride and love for our culture, we have to manifest our deep concern for our own literature.

Question 4

Timeline of Philippine Literature

Answer 4

Pre-Colonial Period
Spanish Regime
Nationalistic Period
United States Colonial Rule
Japanese Occupation
Contemporary Period
Post-EDSA Literature

Question 5

This is regarded as the LONGEST PERIOD in the history of Philippine Literature. The literature from this period dates back to the EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS of ancient Filipinos in the Philippine archipelago.

Answer 5

Pre-Colonial Period

Question 6

literature was NOT SUBSTANTIAL during this time.

Answer 6

Pre-Colonial Period

Question 7

usually give an enigma or puzzle.

Answer 7

Riddles

Question 8

Proverbs, or wise saying “salawikain” were also relevant.

Answer 8

PRE COLONIAL PERIOD

Question 9

express norms or codes of behavior, community beliefs or they instill values by offering nuggets of wisdom in short, rhyming verse

Answer 9

proverbs

Question 10

Central to the riddle is the _________ because it “reveals subtle resemblances between two unlike objects” and one’s power of observation and wit are put to the test.

Answer 10

talinghaga or metaphor

Question 11

riddles or bugtong

Answer 11

PRE COLONIAL PERIOD

Question 12

Popular epics during pre colonial period

Answer 12

Biag ni Lam-Ang (Ilocos region), Hinilawod (Panay Island), Bantugan and Indarapatra at Sulayman (Maguindanao).

Question 13

The most significant poetry

Answer 13

folk epic

Question 14

The literature started to derive some RELIGOUS THEMES mainly due to the Christianization of the Philippines, brought about by the coming of the Spanish conquerors.

Answer 14

The Spanish Regime

Question 15

first published book in the Philippines

Answer 15

Doctrina Christiana (1593)

Question 16

Who wrote Doctrina Christiana (1593)

Answer 16

Franciscan Friar Juan De Plasencia.

Question 17

little book of prayers

Answer 17

Doctrina Christiana

Question 18

teachings of Christianity

Answer 18

Catechisms

Question 19

these are used in churches built by Spaniards

Answer 19

Confession Manuals

Question 20

Confession Manuals

Answer 20

Catechisms
Confession Manuals
Dictionary

Question 21

Poems in Spanish and Tagalog were written by __________, who were FLUENT IN BOTH LANGUAGES.

Answer 21

“Ladinos”

Question 22

the MOST POPULAR FORM OF RELIGOUS LITERATURE introduced by the Spaniards. It is a long narrative poem about the passion and death of Jesus Christ.

Answer 22

Pasyon

Question 23

a PLAY on the passion and death of Christ, mostly performed during Holy Week.

Answer 23

Sinakulo/Cenaculo

Question 24

Popular Narrative Poems Produced During the Spanish Regime:

Answer 24

Awit
Korido
Duplo/Karagatan
Komedya
Pagsusulatan ng Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana at Feliza by Modesto de Castro

Question 25

the most popular drama form

Answer 25

Komedya

Question 26

Strong feeling of NATIONALISM was the main agenda of this literary period. This period was marked and shaped by the Filipinos’ awakened state of nationalism and patriotism for their Motherland. More and more Filipinos have started forming organizations that aim to liberate the Philippines from the clutches of Spain.

Answer 26

The Nationalistic Period

Question 27

he themes of the literary works associated with this period are mostly about REVOLUTION, WAR, FREEDOM, and PATRIOTISM to one’s own country.

Answer 27

The Nationalistic Period

Question 28

The period is divided into the Propaganda and the Revolution. It is also produced realistic and truly Filipino works.

Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and Apolinario Mabini were the prominent revolutionary writers.

Answer 28

The Nationalistic Period

Question 29

During this time, Philippine literature iS flourished in 3 languages: Spanish, English Filipino

Answer 29

The United States Colonial Rule

Question 30

The United States Colonial Rule two periods

Answer 30

1. Period of Apprenticeship
2. Period of Emergence

Question 31

Serrano (2000) noted that the period of 1910 to 1935 is generally called the _________ or imitation. Virginia R. Moreno, in her “A Critical Study of the Shorty Story in English Written by Filipinos,” describes the years 1910-1925 “as a period of novices with their exercises in fiction-making and the rise of the new language.”

Answer 31

Period of Apprenticeship

Question 32

examples of works during Period of Apprenticeship

Answer 32

Dead Stars (Paz Marquez Benitez)
Paz Latorena (The Small Key)
Footnote to Youth (Jose Garcia Villa)
Child of Sorrow (Zoilo Galang)

Question 33

The years 1935 to 1945 saw the emergence of a significant trend in Philippine literature in English. Jose M. Hernandez describes this period as a time of self-discovery and of rapid growth.

Answer 33

Period of Emergence

Question 34

authors who were famous during Period of Emergence

Answer 34

Manuel Arguilla
Arturo Rotor
V.M Gonzales
Francisco Arcellana
Bienvenido Santos

Question 35

Instead of writing in the Balagtas tradition, poets wrote in SIMPLE LANGUAGE AND FREE VERSE.
There was BOUNTIFUL HARVEST in poetry, fiction, and in the fields of drama and essay.
Most short stories portray life and Filipino culture.
FLOWERING of Tagalog Short Poetry
Palanca Awards/National Awards was launched to honor great literary works written by FIlipinos

Answer 35

The Japanese Occupation

Question 36

This is a period wherein three traditions were merged: Ethnic, Spanish, and American Colonial tradition.

This period give RESPONSES to the historical and political force that have shaped the Philippine society since the Pacific War.

Answer 36

The Contemporary Period

Question 37

three traditions in literature

Answer 37

Oral Lore – Ethnic Tradition
Spanish Tradition
American Colonial Tradition

Question 38

It has been marked by ADVENTUROUSNESS in the themes, willingness to gamble and venture into unknown and less-familiar projects.

It was also about the writing of works in Philippine languages ASIDE FROM TAGALOG.

Answer 38

Post-EDSA Literature

Question 39

Classifications of Philippine Literature in the Post-EDSA period:

Answer 39

Residual
Dominant
Emergent

Question 40

A good part of the literary works are ORAL AND REGIONAL, but remaining in the margins simply because the CENTER of writing and publishing are in Metro Manila.

Answer 40

Residual

Question 41

The literary works are MOSTLY WRITTEN AND DEVELOPED using the DOMINANT LANGUAGE, English and Tagalog.

Answer 41

Dominant

Question 42

These are works produced by those who are those who are NOT IN THE NORM at the time, like peasants, poor people, women, gays, lesbians, and ethnic groups.

Answer 42

Emergent