BACKGROUND OF WORLD LITERATURE Flashcards
CHINA
Mature Fictional novel arose during the ____________ to entertain the masses of literate Chinese
Ming Dynasty
CHINA
Introduction of widespread woodblock printing during the ________.
Tang Dynasty
CHINA
Invention of movable type printing by ________.
Bi Sheng
China has a wealth of classical literature whose compilation is attributed to _______.
Confucius
Forms of Literature in China:
Poetry
Prose
CHINA
most highly regarded literary genre
POETRY
CHINA
Poetry is divided into
shi, ci, and qu
- neo-classical style of prose influenced prose writing for re next 800 years
PROSE
EGYPT
Egyptian novelists and poets were among the firsts to experiment with ____________________________ and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East.
modern styles of Arabic literature
EGYPT
_______ is the most popular literary genre among Egyptians.
Vernacular poetry
EGYPT
__________ were the first culture to develop a book.
Egyptians
EGYPT
had a strong influence on the writing of the ancient Egyptians.
NILE
EGYPT
Most of Egyptian literature was written in __________ or hieratic script
hieroglyphics
EGYPT
were used on monuments
hieroglyphics
EGYPT
was used in writing on papyrus & ceramics
hieratic script
EGYPT
Great works of literature from ancient Egypt’s Old Kingdom were written in the ____________.
Hieratic language
Literary forms in Egypt:
Secular Literature
Instructive Literature
Poems
Biographical and Historical Texts
Scientific Treaties
EGYPT
short stories
Secular Literature
EGYPT
Wisdom texts
Instructive Literature
EGYPT
Mathematical and Medical texts
Scientific Treaties
has produced several great writers who have influenced other generations and will continue to inspire the coming generations
INDIA
The earliest works of Indian literature were _____
orally
Sanskrit literature begins with the ________, a collection of sacred hymns.
Rig Veda
In contemporary Indian literature, there are two major literary awards -
Sahitya Akademi Fellowship and the Jnanpith Award.
Early works were heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and Chinese Literature.
JAPAN
Japanese literature developed into a separate style in its own rights as Japanese writers began _____________
writing their own works about Japan.
Japan reopened its port to _________ and diplomacy in the 19th century
Western trading
JAPAN
___________ have strongly affected each other; this influence is still seen today.
Western and eastern literature
Literature styles in Malaysia changed with the influences of __________.
Europeans (Portuguese, Dutch and English)
The classical literary style of Malays was eventually replaced in print with the ____________.
vernacular language
The first ________ was written and printed using the (vernacular) spoken language since 1876.
newspaper
WHAT is the most important Malaysia literary works and tells the story of a Malaca sultanate and when is it written
Serajah Melayu (Malay Annals), written in the 1500s
Korean literature was written in _____ and in ______
Chinese and Korean
KOREA
transcription systems
idu and gugyeol
Korean script
hangul
KOREA
It is commonly divided into ______ and ______ periods.
classical and modern
The Literature of Singapore comprises a collection of literary works by Singaporeans in any of the country’s four main language:
English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil
SINGAPORE
Some poets have been labeled _________ for their personalized writing, often dealing with intimate issues such as sexuality.
Confessional
Literary forms of Singaporean literature
a. Poetry
b. Drama
c. Fiction
EARLY Thai literature was primarily concerned with _____
religion
Thai verse was written exclusively by the ______
aristocracy
One important Thai literary work is the ________, a Thai version of the Indian epic, the Ramayan.
Ramakian
the major historical source of medieval Thai courtly traditions.
King Rama I’s Ramakian
In the early time of the European literature, _______ was the language manifested in literary works in most of their states especially in Germany.
traditional Latin
EUROPEAN
As the prestige of the ______ began to decline, national consciousness began to increase in different states.
Papacy
EUROPEAN
This nationalism was manifested in literature written in _________ or ________ instead of traditional Latin.
National Languages OR Vernacular
EUROPEAN
opened up such that cultural peculiarities could be more naturally expressed. This allowed literature to feel more realistic and human to the readers.
vernacular
EUROPEAN literature involved the:
Nobility: Kings, Queens, Knights etc
example of nobility
Beowulf from United Kingdom
Les Chansons de Roland from France
In the late 1600s and early 1700s, when the Enlightenment was well under the way in Britain and France, Germany was highly fragmented both _____ and _______.
politically and culturally
German culture and literature were likewise disjoined with different regions drawing on different influences and ________ literary style yet to place.
no distinct
While France and other European countries used vernacular languages for literature, the literary language in Germany was still predominantly ______.
Latin
what is the result ng paggamit ng germany ng latin whahahha
Enlightenment ideas from England and France took a long time to spread to Germany.
- a LEGENDARY EARLY GREEK POET and rhapsode traditionally credited with authorship of the major Greek epics
Homer
Iliad and Odyssey
Phocais
Capture of Oechalia
HOMER
- an ancient Greek playwright, dramatist, priest, and politician in Athens
- known as the second, chronologically, of the three great Greek tragedians
Sophocles
- Oedipus the King
- Ajax
- Antigone
Sophocles
- an Italian author and poet, the greatest of Petrarch’s disciples, an important RENAISSANCE HUMANIST in his own right.
Giovanni Boccaccio
- Decameron
- On Famous Women
Giovanni Boccaccio
- influence on the Spanish language has been so great that Spanish is often called “LA LINGUA/LENGUA DE CERVANTES”
Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra
- Don Quixote
- La Galatea
Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra
- his ability to capture and convey the most profound aspects of HUMAN NATURE is regarded by many as unequalled.
William Shakespeare
- Hamlet
- Macbeth
- Romeo and Juliet
William Shakespeare
- remembered and honored in France as a courageous POLEMICIST, who indefatigably fought for CIVIL RIGHTS.
Voltaire
- Candide
- The Maid of Orleans
- Henriade
Voltaire
- well known for publishing collections of GERMAN FAIRY TALES.
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
- The Brothers Grimm’s Hansel and Gretel
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
- as a French author, the MOST IMPORTANT of the ROMANTIC AUTHORS in the French language.
Victor Hugo
- Les Miserables
- Les Contemplations
- The Hunchback of Notre Dome
Victor Hugo
- Russian writer, one of the major figures in Russian literature.
- sometimes said to be a founder of EXISTENTIALISM
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
- Crime and Punishment
- The Brothers Karamazov
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
- notable for his ideas on NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE and his contributions to Russian literature and politics.
Leo Tolstoy
- War and Peace
- Anna Karenina
Leo Tolstoy
has a long literary tradition. little of this literature was written down until the 20th century. It was PRIMARILY ORAL and passed down from one generation to another.
AFRICA
has a long literary tradition. little of this literature was written down until the 20th century. It was PRIMARILY ORAL and passed down from one generation to another.
AFRICA
African literature is Mostly written in _______ language
European
AFRICAN
Rudimentary forms of writing were developed and used by ______ and ___________.
secret societies AND other exclusive groups
CULTURES THAT INFLUENCED AFRICAN LIT
ancient Romans, Arabs, French, and Spanish, as well as its indigenous people
AFRICAN LIT CONTRIBUTED TO WRITING IN ________________________ (tatlo yan)
Phoenician, Greek, and Latin.
The first African writing were focused on ______
slavery
______ served as vehicles for expressing nascent nationalist feelings.
Newspapers
Contemporary African literature reveals disillusionment and dissent with ________
current events
AFRICAN LIT
Literary compositions were generally copied on ___________.
papyrus paper
AFRICAN LIT
Literature also contributes an important _______ in the life of Egypt.
cultural element
Africa’s form of literature are:
Myth
Legend
Folktale
Trickters Tale
Epigram, Proverbs, and Riddles
- effective speech and social success depend on a GOOD COMMAND OR PROVERBS
- usually BASED ON PRINCIPLES OF ANALOGY that requires the listener to DECIPHER the intended meaning
Epigram, Proverbs, and Riddles
- features a small but WITTY ANIMAL that employs its cunning traits to protect itself against much larger and more powerful animals
Trickters Tale
- told for NIGHT TIME entertainment
- often employed for social commentary and instruction
- served as a potent means of affirming group values and discouraging antisocial behavior
Folktale
- describes such HEROIC HUMAN feats as establishing dynasties or preventing disasters and has much in COMMON WITH EPICS, BOTH FOCUSES IN HEROISM
Legend
- typically explain the CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE
- the activities of the GODS at the beginning of creation
- the essence of all creatures
- the nature of their interrelationships
Myth
