History of intelligence assessment Flashcards
what is anthropometry
measurement of human
- The use of objective techniques to measure intelligence started with the efforts of
Francis Galton
Galton never directly asserted that his tests measured intelligence (True or false)
True
what did Francis Galton and the anthropometric contribute to intelligence testing
he never directly asserted that he is measuring intelligence, however he used test batteries and questionnaires
* he took measurements of hight, clothing, eye tint, eye sight, he also measured strength in points, head dimensions, height, and weight
he considered these are indicators of
* physical efficiency to preform on formal academic examination
*which he thought is the best measure of intelligence
what is the best measures of intelligence according to Francis Galton
physical efficiency to preform on formal academic examination
What did the Cartel Columbia test of intelligence include?
A Some of the Galton’s sensory measures,
B cattle’s reaction time,
C some newer measures like 1 memory for digits 2 letter cancellation 3 self-reported retrieval of mental images 4 logical memory 5 word association test
D non lab tests on a health and physical background (sleep, alcohol use, caffeine, exercise) and interests
the father of cognitive and intellectual assessment
Alfred Binet
Binet was appointed to a commission by French government to separate children into vocational vs academic schooling.
true
Binet and _____ undertook the task of developing diagnostic test to ?
Simon, identify children with mental retardation, the first scale was completed in 1905. scale consisted of 30 items (pass, fail)
items ranked according to difficulty clear instruction of administration
when were the Binet and Simon scales expanded? and how many items were added for the adult assessment?
1911, +5
which is the most top-ranked instrument of the Binet-simon scale
Standford-Binet developed by lewis terman
In the United States, Henry Goddard translated the 1908 scale through his assistant Elizabeth Kite.
true
By 1939, there were about 77 adaptations and translations of the Binet-Simon Scales
true
Lewis Terman for the Standrford Binet scale : eliminated from the Binet-Simon, and did not add anything new
false, he added some new
What are some of the problems that are in Binet-Simon’s version
- failure to measure / assess separate abilities
- not suitable for gifted adults
- the inefficiency of the scoring system
what are the advantages of Stanford Binet over other intelligence test ? Reported by Minton 1988
- easy comprehensive guide for the examiner which made it easy to teach and learn
- the use of intelligence quotient became the new standard for intelligence test
- it was the most thorough and extensive version of Binet-Simon Scales
Army Alpha
Robert Yerkes and committee developed proposals for the testing of army recruits, Army Alpha consisted of 8 subetests for examinees fluent in English and are literate (can write and read)
Army Beta
7 subtest for examinees with inadequate mastery of English and literacy
Weschler believed that the division of his intelligence scales into ___ and _____ subtest was _____ useful
verbal, and performance, diagnostically
first person to term intelligence in a psychology text
Herbert Spencer in “principles of psychology”
what was the definition of intelligence in principles of psychology
biological characteristic that evolved through adapting to the environment
intelligere in latin?
understand
the most widely referenced definition of intelligence is ?
Wechsler’s : aggregate the global capacity of the individual to 1 act purposefully 2 to think rationally and 3 act effectively in their environment
what was the first major effort to develop a theory of intelligence
Charles Spearman’s discovery of the g factor
what is the two factor theory
spearman emphasized that all branches of intellectuals activity have in common one fundamental function or a group of function
the two facto theory is saying that there are two factors for intelligence one is g factor (common variance across measures), as specific factor (subtest variance)
who developed the multiple factor analysis
Thurstone, it permitted separated largely unrelated ability factors
Termed the factors “primary mental abilities”
Thurstone
Thurston food evidence of the g factor in Spearmen’s
False, he did not find evidence of the g factor
what are the primary mental abilities for thurstone?
- associative memory
- word fluency
- verbal comprehension
- reasoning
- perceptual speed
- visual spatialization
- numerical speed
What is the factor analysis based theory of intelligence
that there are two general factors for intelligence general fluid ability gf and gc crystallized ability / intelligence
fluid intelligence gf - is the ability to facility in reasoning, where adaptation to new situation is required
crystallized intelligence gc - refers to the accessible store of knowledge and the ability to use that knowledge in solving problems, also the ability to learn / acquire knowledge from familiar learning strategies
what is Carroll’s hierarchical three startup model of cognitive intelligence
he believed that intelligence has layers and the top layer or Startum III or third order - the factor of general intelligence
second order - `startup II - 8 broader abilities factor
first order - STartum I, lowest stratum is 65 specific skills - narrow abilities factors
