History Of Dog Training Flashcards
When did the ancestral canids begin to become domesticated?
20-30 thousand years ago
Where was the cradal of domestication? Or the oldest evidence of domestication
Gabekli turkey
When did true breeding intervention begin?
200,300 years ago
What was the old theory on the domestication process vs the new one?
Old: humans stole cubs from wolves
New: self domestication or the tamer canids began hanging around camps to eat scraps. Only the tamest canids survived and this created domestication on their own
What was belyaev’s silver fox program and what did it discover?
That selecting for domestication was true, he only bred foxes that were tame until they became domesticated
Are there any wild wolf packs with unrelated adults?
No
Are dominance and submission personality types?
No
What personality trait do other wolves and dogs tend to follow?
Personality not strength
What structure is the social hierarchy?
Circular or web
How does an alpha dog rule?
Benevolently without outward aggression. They use manipulation such as confident body posture, staring, stacking, growling, etc.
What are some differences between dogs and wolves?
Dogs have a long 4 month socialization period where wolves have a short 19 day period
Dogs fight with each other but wolves rarely fight
Dogs have sexual maturity of 6-8 months and wolves are at 2 years. Dogs will breed indiscriminately (incestual) but wolves leave to form new packs
Dogs play after adulthood, wolves don’t
What are some examples of spitz breeds, and the general characteristics?
Husky, chow, malamute, etc.
Square body, double coat, curly tail, they guard, pull sleds, independent, territorial
What are some examples of mastiffs and what are the general characteristics?
Boxer, greatdane, St. Bernard, pit bull, etc.
Heaviest and largest breeds, foundation dogs, dogs of war, insensitive, heavy guard instinct, tough, etc.
Hat are some examples of sight hounds and what are the general characteristics?
Afghan hound, basenji, greyhound, saluki, whippet etc.
Tall, deep chested, slimmer, elegant, built for speed, double suspension gallup, hunting dogs, greyhound in the foundation dog
What are some examples of scent hounds and what are the general characteristics?
Basset hounds, beagle, blood hound, otterhound, etc.
Ancient Sumerian, strong bones and legs, long heads and ears, hunted in packs, independent workers, great stamina, extremely good motivated
What are some examples of terriers and what are the general characteristics?
Airedale, bull terrier, border, cairn, dachshund, jack russel, Norwich, schnauzer, etc.
Earth dogs, under ground hunters bred for digging, short leg and long leg, dachshund and schnauzer were the only two to be bred outside of Great Britain, resilient, independent, high tolerance for pain.
What are some examples of gun dogs and what are the general characteristics?
Pointers, setters, retrievers, spaniels, etc.
Pointers and setters flushed out game but had a hard time bringing them back.
Retrievers would bring back game no matter where they were.
Spaniels were all purpose
Affectionate and companionable
Why do we heel on the left?
Hunters held their firearms on the right so they didn’t want to hit them when they drew their guns
What are the two types of herding dogs?
Guards and herders.
What are some examples of herding dogs, and what are the general characteristics?
Australian shepherd, border collie, German shepherd, corgi, etc.
Check in with humans for direction, problem solve, intense play and prey drive
What are some examples of guarding dogs and what are the general characteristics?
Akbash, Great Pyrenees, kuvasz, etc.
Solitary, bond with livestock, don’t like other people or dogs, bred for color and size that correlate with the livestock, difficult to motivate,
What are examples of toy/companion dogs and what are the general characteristics?
Chihuahua, Maltese, papillon, Pomeranian, shih tzu, toy fox terrier, etc.
Mixture of all other breeds but selected for size, behaviorally like their giant counterparts, need as much activity as big dogs, etc.
What is the neonatal stage and characteristics?
Birth to two weeks old. Eyes and ears still closed, lack temperature control, neurological development, need socialization
What is the transition stage of development and what are the characteristics?
14-21 days or third week
Dependent on mother, become outwardly social, seek own food, regulate temperature, puppy teeth, eyes and ears erupt, and they begin to explore
What is the primary socialization period and what re the general characteristics?
4th months, or 3-12 weeks
First learns communication skills, important socialization, sensitive period where things impact the most long term, mother should control this period
Human- 5-8 weeks to 14 weeks
What is the fear imprint or second socialization period and what are the general characteristics?
Where trauma developed from. 8 weeks-14 weeks. Best time to begin a new life with others, and to start training and puppy classes. Needs socialization from classical conditioning because of sensitivity to scary things. Never force socialization.
What is the juvenile stage and what are some general characteristics?
End of primary socialization period to sexual maturity 3/4 months to 6/8 months. Positive reinforcement and socialization are pivotal. Sexual behaviors develops, guarding behaviors, adolescence is from sexual maturity to adulthood.
What is the maturity stage and what are the general characteristics?
The golden age of adulthood. Behavior change is due to change in environment, health, temperament, genetics, events.
What is the senior stage and what are the general characteristics?
Grey muzzles, health issues, advocacy around young dogs, and the last days of their lives.
