History Of Computers Flashcards
originally calculations were
computed by humans, whose job title was
computers.
Earliest Computers
The first use of the word “computer” was recorded
in
1613
was an ancient memory aid device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even messages.
tally stick
is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical
calculations.
abacus
The abacus was invented in
Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
abacus in the form we are most familiar with was first used in
China in
around 500 B.C.
It used to perform basic arithmetic operations.
Abacus
Invented by John Napier in 1614.
Napier’s Bones
Who invented Napier’s Bones?
John Napier in 1614.
operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.
Napier’s Bones
Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.
Slide Rule
Is based on Napier’s ideas about logarithms.
• Used primarily for – multiplication – division – roots – logarithms – Trigonometry
• Not normally used for addition or subtraction.
Slide Rule
Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
Pascaline
It was its limitation to addition and subtraction.
It is too expensive.
Pascaline
Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.
Stepped Reckoner
The machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically.
Stepped Reckoner
The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by
Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1881.
• It is an automatic loom controlled by punched cards.
Jacquard Loom
A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820,
• The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine.
• The machine could perform the four basic mathematic functions.
• The first mass-produced calculating machine.
Arithmometer
It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions.
• Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834
• It is the first mechanical computer.
Difference engine and Analytical engine
In 1840, suggests to Babbage that he
use the binary system.
• She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.
Augusta Ada Byron
Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.
• Based on Charles Babbage’s difference engine.
• The First printing calculator
Scheutzian Calculation engine
Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890.
• To assist in summarizing information and
accounting.
Tabulating Machine
Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC).
• Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943
• The first electro-mechanical computer.
Harvard Mark 1
The first programmable computer.
• Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to
1938.
• To program the Z1 required that the user insert
punch tape into a punch tape reader and all
output was also generated through punch tape.
Z1
It was the first electronic digital computing
device.
• Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and
graduate student Clifford Berry at Iowa State
University between 1939 and 1942.
Atanasoff-Berry Computer
stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer.
• It was the first electronic general-purpose computer.
• Completed in 1946.
• Developed by John Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly.
ENIAC
The I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer
1) was the first commercial computer.
• Designed by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
UNIVAC
stands for Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer
• The First Stored Program Computer
• Designed by Von Neumann in 1952.
• It has a memory to hold both a stored program
as well as data.
EDVAC
Osborne 1 –
• Released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer
Corporation.
the first portable computer
