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aast200 > history of asians in context > Flashcards

history of asians in context Flashcards

1
Q

naturalization act of 1790

A

“any alien, being a free white person, may be admitted to become a citizen of the US”

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2
Q

filipino sailors

A

first to settle in the US around 1750 in the louisiana region

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3
Q

1790s

A

chinese domestic servants in NY

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4
Q

NINA

A
  • “no irish need apply”
  • great potato famine caused mass immigration to east coast in 1840s
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5
Q

chinese sojournors

A

came to CA for gold rush

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6
Q

1867 chinese workers’ strike

A
  • union pacific vs. central pacific
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6
Q

1865 transcontinental railroad project

A
  • chinese sojourners didn’t find much gold
  • couldn’t go back to china
  • stayed to work on small businesses (TCR) to make a living
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7
Q

why did the chinese go on strike?

A
  • earned 60% of other workers
  • dangerous conditions
  • long hours, no breaks
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8
Q

result of the 1867 chinese workers’ strike

A

the chinese were threatened with no wages, so they continued their work (aka big flop)

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9
Q

13th amendment (1865)

A

abolished slavery

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10
Q

14th amendment (1868)

A

people born in the US are citizens

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11
Q

naturalization act of 1870

A

only white and black people can be citizens

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12
Q

chinese exclusion act of 1882

A
  • no chinese labor immigration (first for 10 years)
  • no chinese could be a citizen
  • no land, interracial marriage, homeowning, good jobs, education
  • first US law that specifically targeted and singled out an ethnic group
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13
Q

formation of chinatowns

A
  • earlier concentrations formed with chinese laborers
  • after exclusion, chinese had no choice but to retreat into their own isolated communities
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14
Q

ethnic enclave

A

concentration of a certain ethnic group in a well-defined neighborhood
- e.g. chinatown

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15
Q

early japanese immigrants

A
  • 2nd largest immigrant asian group in US in late 19th century
  • part of imperial expansionism
  • 20,000 picture brides immigrated (diff from chinese)
  • powerful homeland assured entrance with passports
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16
Q

yellow peril

A
  • painting of german kaiser wilhelm II’s dream in 1895
  • like chinese, japanese viewed as “unassimilable” cheap laborers
  • white people suspected they were a “colonizing” force sent to take over the west coast
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17
Q

“the rising tide of color” by lothrop stoddard

A

3 dangers
- peril of arms (military expansion)
- peril of markets (economic competition)
- peril of immigration

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18
Q

gentlemen’s agreement of 1907

A
  • japan would stop issuing passports for passage to the US/hawaii to male laborers
  • compromise, US school board allowed japanese students to attend public schools
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19
Q

what made japanese immigrants differ from chinese immigrants?

A

they were allowed to bring their families…picture brides

20
Q

“becoming american: the chinese experience” documentary

A
  • 1882 – permanent aliens?
  • AD papers
  • scott act
21
Q

scott act of 1888

A

prohibited US resident chinese laborers from returning to US

22
Q

1906 san francisco earthquake and fire

A
  • burned birth certificates and chinese could say they were born in america and there was no proof
  • brought about paper sons
23
Q

paper sons

A

immigrant buying papers from a chinese american citizen who agreed to pretend to be the their relative

24
Q

ellis island vs. angel island

A

paper sons were detained on angel island
- ellis → symbol of hope
- angel → symbol of detention

25
Q

anna may wong

A
  • first chinese film star
  • often portrayed as a caricature of chinese people
  • revolutionized film industry for asian americans
26
Q

early korean immigrants

A
  • fleeing japanese colonialism
  • 1882 treaty already allowed immigration
    more occupationally diverse, 70% literate and 40% were christian (converted by american missionaries)
  • different from chinese and japanese laborers
27
Q

importance of koreans in US

A
  • prominent role in the korean independence movement
  • korean women active in nationalist activities
28
Q

japanese-korean exclusion league

A

“we are actively meeting to get these folks out of the country”

29
Q

early south asian immigrants

A
  • 8,055 admitted from 1910 to 1932
  • “hindu invasion”
  • anticolonial and nationalist struggles against british imperialism
30
Q

how were south asian immigrants excluded?

A
  • “persons of poor physique” or “likely to become a public charge” in laws
  • coded language went from explicit to implicit
31
Q

early filipino immigrants

A
  • philippines under US colonial rule began before turn of 20th century
  • 150k filipinos → “US nationals”
  • not subjected to same immigration restrictions
32
Q

what caused dissonance for the early filipino immigrants?

A
  • taught that they were americans when in the philippines, but faced with unequal treatment as asians in the US
  • “little brown brothers” who would need “50 or 100 years” of close supervision
33
Q

1943 tydings-mcduffie act (philippine commonwealth and independence act)

A
  • changed filipinos’ status from US “nationals” to “aliens”
  • backwards from what we saw from other asian groups
34
Q

immigration act of 1917

A

no immigration from the “asiatic barred zone”
- literacy test
- new categories of inadmissible people “mentally defective”

35
Q

takao ozawa v. US (1922)

A

court ruled that ozawa was ineligible for naturalization as a US citizen because he wasn’t considered “white”

36
Q

US v. bhagat singh thind (1923)

A
  • “caucasian” but not white in the eyes of the “common man”
  • subsequently, other indian americans lost their naturalization
37
Q

immigration act of 1924 (johnson-reed act)

A

national origin quota system (2% rule)

38
Q

2% rule

A

will only admit 2% of a certain country’s population

39
Q

why did they use the 1890 census instead of 1920 for the 2% rule?

A

wanted less asian immigrants and more european immigrants

40
Q

executive order 9066 (1942)

A

resulting in japanese internment during WW2
- rapid response to pearl harbor

41
Q

chinese exclusion repeal act of 1943 (magnuson act)

A

ended chinese immigration ban, but kept strict quotas

42
Q

immigration and nationality act of 1952 (mccarran–walter act)

A
  • allowed asian immigrants to become citizens
  • starting to unravel nation quota system of bringing people into the country
43
Q

third world liberation front

A

coalition of “student groups” advocating for rights and representation of students from marginalized communities

44
Q

results of TWLF

A
  • addition admission spots for underrepresented students
  • re-hiring of select faculty members
  • establishment of a college of ethnic studies
45
Q

racial formation theory (omi and winant)

A

race is socially constructed and has a profound determinant of one’s political rights, location in labor market, and sense of “identity”

46
Q

what was happening during the emergence of panethnicity?

A
  • immigration and nationality act of 1965
  • civil rights movement
  • post racial discrimination, organizing to address inequality
47
Q

panethnicity

A

process through which multiple ethnic groups relax and widen their boundaries to forge a new, broader grouping and identity

aast200 (9 decks)

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