History Mary Queen Of Scots Flashcards
Other than Scotland, what other country was Mary the queen of?
France
why was Mary known as ‘Queen of Scots’?
She was queen of Scotland.
When and how did Mary QoS die?
She was beheaded on 8 February 1587
Why was Mary executed?
She was accused of plotting against Queen Elizabeth I.
When was Mary QoS born?
1542
Who was King of England when Mary QoS was born?
Henry VIII
Who was Mary QoS’s father?
King James V of Scotland
What age was Mary QoS when she became queen?
6 days old
When did Mary QoS give up the crown and leave Scotland?
1567
Where was Mary QoS sent when she was a little girl?
France
Who was Mary QoS’s 1st husband and what happened to him?
Prince Fransis. They were married when he was 14 and she was 15. He became ill and died 2 years after they were married.
Who was Mary’s second husband and what happened to him?
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. He was murdered - the house in which he was staying was blown up and he was found strangled in the garden.
Who was Mary QoS’s 3rd husband and what did he do?
James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell. He was suspected of murdering her 2nd husband. First he ran off with her and then he left her when the nobles gathered an army to fight them at Carberry hill. Mary was taken prisoner but then escaped to England in 1568.
What did the English (or her cousin Elizabeth) do to Mary QoS?
They locked her up in prison for the rest of her life.
Who was Mary Qos’s son?
James VI
Where is Mary QoS buried?
In Westminster Abbey in London.
Who were MQoS’s parents?
James V (son of James IV and Margaret Tudor)
and
Mary of Guise (a French princess)
Why was MQoS sent to France as a young child?
To avoid a marriage between MQoS and Edward V1 of England.
When did MQoS marry Fransis?
1558
When did MQoS become queen of France.
1559 - a year after she married Fransis.
When did Francis die?
1560 - he ruled for 1 year.
What did Mary decide to do after Francis died?
She returned to Scotland.
When MQoS returned to Scotland after Francis died, how had the politics changed?
Scotland had become Protestant so was now an ally of England and not France.
Who criticised MQoS when she returned to Scotland?
John Knox
Why did English Catholics want MQoS as queen instead of Elizabeth?
As Catholics didn’t recognise divorce they considered Elizabeth to be illegitimate.
What did Mary’s second husband, Lord Darnley and his friends do out of jealousy?
They murdered (stabbed him 56 times) MQoS favourite secretary. (Who was Italian)
What was ‘the Rising of the Northern Earls’?
It was a Catholic plot against Elizabeth in 1569. The Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland rebelled against Elizabeth but we’re easily defeated.
What happened to Elizabeth in 1570?
The Pope excommunicated her which meant it was no longer a crime to assassinate her.
What was ‘The Ridolphi plot’?
In 1571 there was a plot to kill Elizabeth and put Mary and the Duke of Norfolk on the throne.
Result: Norfolk was executed.
What act was passed by parliament in 1571 and what did it mean?
The Act of Association.
It meant anyone plotting against Elizabeth or even knowing about the plot could be executed.
Who set a trap to convict MQoS of treason?
Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth’s secretary.
How did Walsingham gather evidence against MQoS?
He intercepted messages between MQoS and Anthony Babington about a plot against Elizabeth. By 1586 he had enough evidence to bring MQoS to trial.
What was MQoS defence at her trial for treason against Elizabeth?
She didn’t know about the plot.
The replies weren’t written by her but by her secretaries.
The confessions of Babington and her secretaries were obtained by torture.
When and where was MQoS executed?
Fotheringay Castle in 1587
