History final Flashcards
What was the most important product in the American economy
Cotton
Economy of the South
Agricultural, cash crops, slavery
Growing importance of the cotton
Cotton gin created, which caused a demand for labor I.e slaves
What percent of the population were plantation owners and how much of the wealth did they control
2% were plantation owners and controlled 90% of the wealth
How much slaves did the plantation owners have compared to the rest of society
More than half of the slaves
What percent of the population were farmers and what percent were migrant farm workers/ tenant farmers
70-80% and 20-30%
Slavery in the 19th century, where are most slaves born
In America
What religion did most slaves follow
Christianity
Does Christianity make slaves more rebellious or obedient?
Yes and no
What are some of the slaves forms of resistance?
Working slowly, sabotage such as breaking tools Or setting fires to buildings. Striking out a slave owners property was a way to strike at the man himself. Pretending to be sick, playing dumb. Slave resistance is caused by abolitionists
What are some arguments people who were pro-slavery used?
They said it was in the bible. It’s common throughout history(i.e. Greeks and Romans), it’s in the constitution, it’s good for slaves( because at least they have somewhere to live, and get fed, and treated better than northern workers..etc) ,
What are some northern and southern similarities?
Racism, most people are small farmers, both relied on cotton as a source of economy booster, many people wanted western expansion
Motivations for expansion
Fur trapping, farmers looking for land, seen as a solution for problems, desire for profits
What was Manifest Destiny?
Americans thought it was there destiny to move west
Oregon territory
Shared with Great Britain. Eventually negotiate a border “the Oregon trial “
What was the battle of the Alamo?
Event of the Texas revolution, texans launched an assault on the Alamo mission. All if the Texan defenders were killed . Myth was they just lost but in reality texans went down fighting.
California gold rush
380,000 people travel to get gold
What was the main cause if the Civil War
Southern Paranoia
What are some general causes of the civil war?
Economic Change:
- the north became and industrial trade-based society, wants high tariffs and infrastructure investment; south does not
- the south remains agricultural
Nation is clearly divided, and cotton becomes less important (percent wise)
What were some issues concerning slavery
Debate over expansion of slavery to the west. Each region wants it’s way of life to expand. Plus the more states the more votes
Were the north abolitionists
No. They just didn’t want slavery moving west
Who are abolitionists ?
A vocal minority( not many but very active ) they scared southerners
Population trends
North grows faster which makes the south paranoid
What are some previous tensions the north and south have had
Constitutional convention, Missouri compromise, nullification crisis
What are some historical events that lead to the Civil War?
Compromise of 1850, publishing of uncle Toms cabin, Kansas Nebraska Act, bleeding Kansas, LeCompton Constitution
What was the Dred Scott decision
Courts ruled the runaway slave Dred Scott was to return to his owner after running away to the south because he was considered a piece of property therefore he remained a slave.
John brown raid
Decided to go to the south and set slaves free. Southerners thought of him as a terrorist
What party did Lincoln represent when running for president?
Republican Party
How many state secede after Lincoln is elected president. Which states?
7 states secede. (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas)
What was the battle of Fort Sumter
Confederate attack. Near charleston, South Carolina. Which initiated the Civil war. Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion.
How many more states seceded after Fort Sumter? Which states?
4 more states (Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina)
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
More population
Northern advantage
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
Productive capacity
Northern Advantage
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
Transportation/ telegraph networks
Northern Advantage
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
Political Leadership
Northern Advantage
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
Stronger, established national government
Northern Advantage
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
“Home field” Advantage
Southern Advantage
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
Fighting a defensive war
Southern Advantage
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
Military Leadership
Southern Advantage
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
Hoping for British/French Aid
Southern “Advantage”
Concerning Civil War: Northern or Southern Advantage?
Hoping the four border states would join
Southern “advantage”
Why were casualties so high compared to previous wars ?
improved weapons, large armies, more advanced economics, undisciplined soldiers , limited medical knowledge
What was the norths strategy to winning the war ?
Attack on several fronts, control the Mississippi River, naval blockade, conquer the capital, increasing use of total war.
What is total war
total war is the war is taken to civilian property, they take their food, Burn their crops, and steal their supplies.
Who is William T. Sherman?
Most known for the civil war, was a union military leader
Ulysses S. grant
Fought along side William T Sherman
Why was Lincoln reluctant to freeing the slaves?
Crime rate may go up, might scare away the 4 remaining slave states, northern states did not support it
Emancipation proclamation
Lincoln threatened the south saying that any state that rebels will have their slaves set free.
What were the effects emancipation proclamation?
It was a threat to the south, it would hurt southern economy, north can get new soldiers, kept Britain out of the war( because of they were against slavery) plus slaves were already running away
Which amendment frees slaves
The 13th amendment
How many African-American soldiers served in the army?
Approximately 200,000
What must states do to come back into the country?
- 10% must take loyalty oath
- Accept the 13th Amendment
- provide public education
Not included in plan:
- significant punishment
- guarantee of equality for former slaves
What were the new rules for the south when Johnson took over
10% must take loyalty oath
-confederate officials and people worth over $20,000 are banned from office
BUT people can appeal to the president for a pardon
Still no guarantee of former slaves rights.
When radical republicans are in power what are some if there legislative achievements?
14th amendment
- 15th amendment (voting rights can’t deny someone the right to vote because of race or color or previous condition)
- public schools in the south
When radical republicans are in power what are some of there legislative failures?
Had difficulty in enforcing laws, allowed segregation, no land reform or other economic resources provided
What are some reasons for the decline of the radical republicans?
White southerners began participating again and vote for Democrats, political terrorism (KKK), political corruption, depression of 1873, lack of northern support for racial equality and for keeping the military in the south.
I was reconstruction successful?
Put union back together and avoided any future wars
In what ways did reconstruction fail?
Failed at helping former slaves, and failed at rebuilding southern economy because of total war.
