Chapter 7: Routes & Formulations Flashcards
What are some buccal dosage forms
Tablets and solutions
what are some dosage forms for oral enteral routes
Tablets, capsules, bulk powders, solutions, suspensions, Exlixirs, syrups, emulsions,
What are some sublingual dosage forms
Tablets and lozenges
What are some rectal dosage forms
Solutions, ointments , and suppositories.
What are some intravenous, intramuscular, and intradermal dosage forms
Solutions, suspensions, and emulsions.
What are the enteral routes
Oral, Buccal, sublingual, rectal.
What are parented all routes
Intraocular, intranasal, inhalation, intravenous, intramuscular intradermal and dermal.
When are intramuscular routes usually given to patients
When they are unable to take them by oral administration
Which needles are used for IM injection
1 inch to 1.5 inches long
What size are IM injections
19 to 22 gauges
What are emulsions
Mixtures of two liquids generally oil and water, which are not miscible in each other.
What is the maximum amount of medication that can be injected subcutaneously
2 mL
How big are the needles in a subcutaneous injection
3/8 to 1 inch
What gauges is usually used for a subcutaneous injection
24 to 27 gauge
What is the pH in the stomach
1-2
What is the pH in the large intestine
7-8
What is the pH in the small intestine
5-7
Which form reaches the circulatory system faster solid or liquid dosage forms
Liquid
What is a systematic effect
When the drug is introduced to the circulatory system
How do modified release formulations work
The drug usually dissolves in the stomach but will continue to occur when the stomach empties into the intestine. Modified release formations extend the dissolution over a period of hours and provide a longer duration of effect compared to plain tablets
What is infusion
The gradual intravenous injection of a volume of fluid into a patient
Which injection generally results in a lower but longer-lasting blood concentrations
Intramuscular injections
Injection use for both short-term and long-term therapies. Insulin is the most important drug routinely administered by this route.
Subcutaneous injections
What are some intravenous sites
Antecubital area (in front of the elbow) , the back of the hand, and some of the larger veins in the foot.
Where are intramuscular injection sites
Gluteal maximus (buttocks), deltoid (upper arm), and vastus lateralis (thigh) muscles
Injections that involve small volumes that are injected into the top layer of the skin
Intradermal injections
How does an Enteric Coated tablet work
Instead of dissolving in the stomach, That enteric-coating will not let the tablet disintegrate until it reaches the higher pHs of the intestine
What is the best-known example for sublingual tablet formation
Nitroglycerin
Drugs given by IM administration
Haloperidol , prochlorperazine, iron dextran , olanzapine , zeprasidone, trimethobenzamide, and metoclopramide
Drugs given by SC administration
Insulins, heparin, enoxaparin, and serval vaccines.
Drugs administered by intradermal injections
Diagnostic determinations, desensitization, or immunization
What are some complications that can occur from using IV administration
Thrombus (blood clot), Phlebitis (inflammation of the vein), air emboli (when air gets in the vein), & particulate material (pieces of material that get in vein , I.e: glass, rubber..)
How much product do Opthalmic ointment tubes hold
About 3.5 g
