History final Flashcards
what does renaissance mean?
rebirth
who colonized central and south America?
Spain
who colonized North America?
France and Britain
what are the three G’s of exploration?
God, Gold, Glory
who were three absolute monarchs?
Louis XIV of France, Phillip II of Spain, and Peter the Great of Russia
who divided the functions of government into 3 parts?
Montesquieu
what were three causes of the french revolution?
A rise in the price of bread, lack of constitution, and the ancient regime
Haiti and other American countries revolted when?
Before and during the French Revolution
what were three inventions of the French revolution?
The seed drill, cotton gin, and steam engine
How did Germany become an industrial Giant?
They had great Iron and coal resources
who was Bismark?
chancellor of the second Reich of Germany
what is Realpolitick?
how Bismark unified Germany ; realistic politic based on the needs of the state
who won the Franco Prussian war?
Prussia
why did the Franco Prussian war happen?
Germany wanted Alsace and Lorraine
How was Italy Unified?
Garibaldi’s red shirts won control of Sicily
who was the king of Italy once it was unified?
King Victor Emmunal II
How was Italy Unified?
Garibaldi’s red shirts won control of Sicily
who was Cavour?
prime minister of Italy
how did the Hapsburg’s rule?
they tried to uphold conservative goals
who were the red shirts and what did they do?
a recruited group of volunteers they won control of Sicily
who was Garibaldi?
the leader of the red shirts
what is another name for the Hapsburg Empire?
the Austrian Empire
what are two multinational empires?
the Austrian Empire and the ottoman empire
what is an anarchist?
a person who wants to abolish all government
what is a multinational empire?
an empire that has many different groups of people
what type of monarchy was the Austrian empire?
dual-monarchy
who granted a new constitution and legislature dominated by German speaking Austrians?
Francis Joseph
who nickname was “the sick man of Europe”?
The ottoman empire
what type of monarchy was the second french empire?
A constitutional monarchy
what type of government did Britain have?
A parliamentary democracy
what did the peoples charter demand?
universal manhood suffrage and a secrete ballot
what is a secret ballot?
votes cast without announcing them publicly
what is universal manhood suffrage?
right of all adult men to vote
what was the free trade movement?
the hope to trade with countries without restrictions
what was the Seneca falls convention?
an organized convention made by Mott and Stanton to gain equality for women
who ruled the second French empire?
Napoleon III
what is another name for the great hunger?
the potato famine
what is home rule
local self government
what is a manifest destiny?
American idea that the United States should stretch across the entire North American continent
what is abolition?
the campaign against slavery and the slave trade
what is women’s suffrage
the right of women to vote
Where did European powers partition Africa to renew the map with little regard for ethnic boundaries?
the Berlin conference
what were the 5 causes of imperialism?
economic, political, military, religious, and cultural
Who ruthlessly led the Zulus?
Shaka
What ruler modernized his country & prepared to smash Italian invaders?
Menelik II of Ethiopia
what does partition mean?
to divided into pieces
Who won in the Sino-Japanese War?
Japan
During the Opium War, the British refused to do what?
Stop selling drugs in exchange for silver
What did Japan get from China by winning the Sino-Japanese war?
Taiwan
What did Britain gain from the Opium War?
Indemnity & gained Hong Kong
Who won the Opium War?
Britain
Conflict between Russia & Japan in 1904-1905 over control of Korea & Manchuria
Russo-Japanese War
What did the Japanese win in the Russo-Japanese War?
Korea
Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment/trading privileges.
Sphere of Influence
What concept did Europeans claim exclusive trading rights in China & elsewhere?
Sphere of influence
What did the U.S. call for equal trading rights in China?
Open Door Policy
American approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China & other nations
Open Door Policy
Who carried a presidential letter demanding that Japan opens its ports?
American Commodore Matthew Perry
what did Sepoy do in rebellion?
Hindi and Muslim Sepoy refused to bite the cartage greased with animal fat
what was the Meiji Restoration?
in Japan, the reign of emperor Meiji from 1868 to 1912 that was marked by rapid industrialization
what was the originally the British Raj?
India
what was social Darwinism?
the belief that the white race was “superior”
what did pro imperialist believe?
they thought that taking over and domination other countries was okay
a war in which Great Britain defeated the Boers of South Africa
the boer war
what were Tokugawa shoguns?
supreme military leaders
organization of workers who bargain for better pay and working conditions
Labor union
what did anti imperialists believe?
It was wrong to dominate other countries
who was leapold II
the leader of belgium
Who is Franz Ferdinand
The Archduke ofAustria-Hungary
How was Franz Ferdinand killed
He was shot by Gavrilo Princip while he was visiting Sarajevo
When was Ferdinand killed
June 28, 1914
what was the German air force called?
Luftwaffe
During what battle did civilians survive the blitz in public shelters & the London underground?
Battle of Britain
Who could not get air superiority over the British RAF in the Battle of Britain?
Luftwaffe
Who governed from an underground shelter during the Battle of Britain?
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
What is lightning war?
Blitzkrieg