History final Flashcards

1
Q

what does renaissance mean?

A

rebirth

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2
Q

who colonized central and south America?

A

Spain

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3
Q

who colonized North America?

A

France and Britain

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4
Q

what are the three G’s of exploration?

A

God, Gold, Glory

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5
Q

who were three absolute monarchs?

A

Louis XIV of France, Phillip II of Spain, and Peter the Great of Russia

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6
Q

who divided the functions of government into 3 parts?

A

Montesquieu

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7
Q

what were three causes of the french revolution?

A

A rise in the price of bread, lack of constitution, and the ancient regime

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8
Q

Haiti and other American countries revolted when?

A

Before and during the French Revolution

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9
Q

what were three inventions of the French revolution?

A

The seed drill, cotton gin, and steam engine

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10
Q

How did Germany become an industrial Giant?

A

They had great Iron and coal resources

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11
Q

who was Bismark?

A

chancellor of the second Reich of Germany

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12
Q

what is Realpolitick?

A

how Bismark unified Germany ; realistic politic based on the needs of the state

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13
Q

who won the Franco Prussian war?

A

Prussia

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14
Q

why did the Franco Prussian war happen?

A

Germany wanted Alsace and Lorraine

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15
Q

How was Italy Unified?

A

Garibaldi’s red shirts won control of Sicily

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16
Q

who was the king of Italy once it was unified?

A

King Victor Emmunal II

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17
Q

How was Italy Unified?

A

Garibaldi’s red shirts won control of Sicily

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18
Q

who was Cavour?

A

prime minister of Italy

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19
Q

how did the Hapsburg’s rule?

A

they tried to uphold conservative goals

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19
Q

who were the red shirts and what did they do?

A

a recruited group of volunteers they won control of Sicily

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19
Q

who was Garibaldi?

A

the leader of the red shirts

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20
Q

what is another name for the Hapsburg Empire?

A

the Austrian Empire

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21
Q

what are two multinational empires?

A

the Austrian Empire and the ottoman empire

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22
Q

what is an anarchist?

A

a person who wants to abolish all government

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23
Q

what is a multinational empire?

A

an empire that has many different groups of people

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24
Q

what type of monarchy was the Austrian empire?

A

dual-monarchy

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25
Q

who granted a new constitution and legislature dominated by German speaking Austrians?

A

Francis Joseph

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26
Q

who nickname was “the sick man of Europe”?

A

The ottoman empire

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27
Q

what type of monarchy was the second french empire?

A

A constitutional monarchy

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28
Q

what type of government did Britain have?

A

A parliamentary democracy

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29
Q

what did the peoples charter demand?

A

universal manhood suffrage and a secrete ballot

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30
Q

what is a secret ballot?

A

votes cast without announcing them publicly

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31
Q

what is universal manhood suffrage?

A

right of all adult men to vote

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32
Q

what was the free trade movement?

A

the hope to trade with countries without restrictions

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33
Q

what was the Seneca falls convention?

A

an organized convention made by Mott and Stanton to gain equality for women

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34
Q

who ruled the second French empire?

A

Napoleon III

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35
Q

what is another name for the great hunger?

A

the potato famine

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36
Q

what is home rule

A

local self government

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37
Q

what is a manifest destiny?

A

American idea that the United States should stretch across the entire North American continent

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38
Q

what is abolition?

A

the campaign against slavery and the slave trade

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39
Q

what is women’s suffrage

A

the right of women to vote

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40
Q

Where did European powers partition Africa to renew the map with little regard for ethnic boundaries?

A

the Berlin conference

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41
Q

what were the 5 causes of imperialism?

A

economic, political, military, religious, and cultural

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42
Q

Who ruthlessly led the Zulus?

A

Shaka

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43
Q

What ruler modernized his country & prepared to smash Italian invaders?

A

Menelik II of Ethiopia

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44
Q

what does partition mean?

A

to divided into pieces

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45
Q

Who won in the Sino-Japanese War?

A

Japan

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45
Q

During the Opium War, the British refused to do what?

A

Stop selling drugs in exchange for silver

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46
Q

What did Japan get from China by winning the Sino-Japanese war?

A

Taiwan

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47
Q

What did Britain gain from the Opium War?

A

Indemnity & gained Hong Kong

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48
Q

Who won the Opium War?

A

Britain

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49
Q

Conflict between Russia & Japan in 1904-1905 over control of Korea & Manchuria

A

Russo-Japanese War

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49
Q

What did the Japanese win in the Russo-Japanese War?

A

Korea

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50
Q

Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment/trading privileges.

A

Sphere of Influence

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51
Q

What concept did Europeans claim exclusive trading rights in China & elsewhere?

A

Sphere of influence

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52
Q

What did the U.S. call for equal trading rights in China?

A

Open Door Policy

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53
Q

American approach to China around 1900, favoring open trade relations between China & other nations

A

Open Door Policy

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54
Q

Who carried a presidential letter demanding that Japan opens its ports?

A

American Commodore Matthew Perry

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55
Q

what did Sepoy do in rebellion?

A

Hindi and Muslim Sepoy refused to bite the cartage greased with animal fat

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55
Q

what was the Meiji Restoration?

A

in Japan, the reign of emperor Meiji from 1868 to 1912 that was marked by rapid industrialization

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56
Q

what was the originally the British Raj?

A

India

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57
Q

what was social Darwinism?

A

the belief that the white race was “superior”

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58
Q

what did pro imperialist believe?

A

they thought that taking over and domination other countries was okay

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58
Q

a war in which Great Britain defeated the Boers of South Africa

A

the boer war

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59
Q

what were Tokugawa shoguns?

A

supreme military leaders

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60
Q

organization of workers who bargain for better pay and working conditions

A

Labor union

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60
Q

what did anti imperialists believe?

A

It was wrong to dominate other countries

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61
Q

who was leapold II

A

the leader of belgium

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62
Q

Who is Franz Ferdinand

A

The Archduke ofAustria-Hungary

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63
Q

How was Franz Ferdinand killed

A

He was shot by Gavrilo Princip while he was visiting Sarajevo

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64
Q

When was Ferdinand killed

A

June 28, 1914

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65
Q

what was the German air force called?

A

Luftwaffe

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66
Q

During what battle did civilians survive the blitz in public shelters & the London underground?

A

Battle of Britain

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67
Q

Who could not get air superiority over the British RAF in the Battle of Britain?

A

Luftwaffe

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67
Q

Who governed from an underground shelter during the Battle of Britain?

A

Prime Minister Winston Churchill

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68
Q

What is lightning war?

A

Blitzkrieg

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69
Q

During what battle did German forces bypass the Maginot Line & attacked France through Belgium?

A

Miracle at Dunkirk

70
Q

What countries fought on the western European front in WWII?

A

France, Britain, Germany, Italy

71
Q

Who sent all available ships across the British Channel to evacuate stranded troops at Dunkirk?

A

Britain

72
Q

What countries fought on the eastern European front in WWII?

A

Germany and Soviet Union

73
Q

What front was fought between U.S. and Japan?

A

Pacific Front

74
Q

The agreement between Germany & the Soviet Union in 1939 in which the two nations promised not to fight each other & divide the land up in Eastern Europe

A

Nazi-soviet Pact

75
Q

What country was invaded by German forces, had ghettos and Einsatzgruppen to murder Jews?

A

Poland

76
Q

What battle in eastern Europe was the turning point of the war in the East where the Red Army drove out the invaders entirely?

A

Battle of Stalingrad

77
Q

During what event did the Nazis invade the Soviets and cut off all supplies and have millions of people die?

A

Siege of Stalingrad

78
Q

Who did Stalin persuade to open a second front in Eastern Europe after the siege?

A

Winston Churchill

79
Q

What battle did General Eisenhower lead in Normandy in the largest landing by sea in history?

A

D-Day Assault

80
Q

During what battle did Germany launch a counterattack at the allies and lost?

A

Battle of the Bulge

81
Q

Who did Eisenhower order to move troops during the Battle of the Bulge

A

Patton

82
Q

Systematic genocide of about 6 million European Jews by the Nazis in WW2

A

Holocaust

83
Q

What is the night when Nazis looted & destroyed Jewish stores, houses & synagogues? Means “Night of Broken Glass”

A

Kristallnacht

84
Q

Laws approved by the Nazi Party in 1935, depriving Jews of German citizenship & take some rights away from them

A

Nuremberg Laws

85
Q

In what battle did the Americans demolish 4 Japanese carriers after which Japan was unable to launch offensive operations afterward?

A

Battle of Midway

86
Q

A campaign to recapture some Japanese-held islands while bypassing others to move closer to Japan

A

Island-hopping

87
Q

On what volcanic island did American planes bomb Japanese tunnel hideouts?

A

Iwo Jima

88
Q

What last obstacle did the Japanese defend to an Allied invasion of Japan?

A

Okinawa

89
Q

What city did Little Boy flatten 4 square miles of & instantly kill 70000 people?

A

Hiroshima

89
Q

Which city forced emperor Hirohito to surrender & sign a peace treaty on V-J Day?

A

Nagasaki

90
Q

During WW2, the forced march of Filipino & American prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military

A

Bataan Death March

91
Q

The plan where Germany marched through belguim to get to france,WWI

A

Schlieffen Plan

92
Q

Triple Alliance wwl

A

Germany, Italy , and Austria - Hungary

93
Q

Triple Entente wwl

A

Britian, France, and Russia

94
Q

Causes of WWI

A

Militarism, Imperialism, Nationalism, Alliances

95
Q

British and french pushed back the germans a long the Marne river. The conflict would turn into a deadlock , WWI

A

Battle of Marne

96
Q

Frances aim was to divert German resources from Verdun in defense of the somme,WWI

A

Battle of Somme

97
Q

Longest battle of WWI. After 11 months of fighting in a historuc area of France, Germany called off attacks

A

Battle of Verdun

98
Q

Stalemate

A

deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other

98
Q

The Russians suffered a disastrous defeat in Tannenberg, causing a retreat back into russia, WWI

A

Battle of Tannenberg

99
Q

Battle of Gallipoli

A

The allies withdrew from the Daranelles

100
Q

Allied Powers of WWI

A

France, Britain, Russia, us

100
Q

Central Powers of WWI

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria

101
Q

What Ended the Russian’s participation in WWI

A

The Treaty of Brest- Litousk

101
Q

Who supported the revolt and led raids against the Turks, WWI

A

T.E Lawrence

101
Q

Machine guns, long Rance artillery, and posion gas

A

WWI weapons

101
Q

a coded message sent to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the US, WWI

A

Zimmermann Note

102
Q

the sinking of which by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, contributed indirectly to the entry of the United States into , WWI

A

Lusitania

103
Q

when was the armistice signed between the Germans and the Allies, ending World War I

A

November 11, 1918

104
Q

Armistice

A

Agreement to end fighting in a war

104
Q

During WW2 what was the U.S.’s actions to mobilize & regulate economy to finance the war, distribute ration books, launched propaganda, limit rights of Nisei and Japanese-Americans

A

Home front

105
Q

A French general who founded the Free French after freeing to Britain after the German Blitzkrieg

A

Charles de Gaulle

105
Q

What was the name of the surprise attack by the Japanese on December 7th 1941, that bombed the U.S. Pacific Fleet which let U.S. declare war on Japan?

A

Pearl Harbor

106
Q

What was the name of the Nazi puppet state set up after invading France that was governed in Vichy?

A

Vichy France

107
Q

Who was the British Prime Minister during WW2?

A

Winston Churchill

108
Q

Who was FDR’s vice president that ended up ruling from the end of WW2 to the beginning of the Cold War?

A

Harry Truman

109
Q

Who was the U.S. president during WW2?

A

FDR

110
Q

Who was the Japanese Prime Minister who launched the Pearl Harbor attack and refused to surrender to the atomic bombs?

A

Hideki Tojo

111
Q

Who was the American propaganda image that was popular between women during WW2 who were working in factories while men were at war?

A

Rosie the Riveter

112
Q

The name of the meeting between the Big 3 during the end of war on European front where they decided to split Germany?

A

Yalta Conference

113
Q

What country was divided into four parts with each part belonging to either U.S., France, Britain, and USSR who eventually refused to give up the eastern part?

A

Germany

114
Q

list of terms for resolving WWI and future wars outlined by American President Woodrow Wilson in January 1918

A

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

114
Q

What was the name of the American aid for the West Berliners surrounded by the Berlin Wall?

A

Berlin airlift

115
Q

What was the name of the barrier built by the Soviets in Eastern Germany to stop East Berliners from fleeing and symbolize the Iron Curtain?

A

Berlin Wall

116
Q

right of people to choose their own form of government

A

Self-determination

117
Q

payment for war damage or damage caused by imprisonment

A

Reparations

118
Q

What was the name of the plan that supplied nations after WW2 from the U.S. with aid packages to help rebuild?

A

Marshall Plan

119
Q

Treaty that forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I

A

Treaty of Versailles

120
Q

What is the name of the international peacekeeping organization formed at the end of WW2 where every member can vote but the security council can veto power?

A

United Nations

120
Q

Who are the members of the security council of the UN?

A

France, U.S., Britain, China, Russia (USSR)

121
Q

The U.S. strategy of limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control

A

Containment

121
Q

Countries that are politically and economically dominated by another nation

A

Satellite nations

121
Q

Communist ruler of Cuba during the Cold War

A

Fidel Castro

122
Q

What was the name of Stalin’s predecessor who oversaw the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

123
Q

U.S. president after Truman during the Cold War who wanted to put a man on the moon

A

John F. Kennedy

124
Q

U.S. president after JFK’s assassination who promoted the Vietnam War

A

Lyndon B. Johnson

125
Q

Truman’s policy to support nations being threatened by communism

A

Truman Doctrine

126
Q

When Soviets made Cuba communist and built missile bases there which was quickly stopped by naval quarantine

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

127
Q

China’s first communist leader who set up the People’s Republic of China

A

Mao Zedong

128
Q

Chinese nationalist ruler overthrown by Mao Zedong’s communists

A

Jiang Jieshi

129
Q

Zedong’s Red Guards formed by Chinese teenagers to accuse & punish those they considered “bourgeois”

A

Cultural Revolution

130
Q

Backyard industries, including collectives, produced low-quality goods, and a food shortage was caused by bad weather and individual farmers having no incentive to work, leading to mass starvation in China

A

Great Leap Forward

131
Q

A war fought to stop North Korea from making South Korea communist which ended up in splitting them at the 38th parallel

A

Korean War

132
Q

Gorbachev’s policy to rebuild Russian economy which caused unemployment because no one could afford government factories in communism

A

Perestroika

132
Q

A thin band of territory across the Korean peninsula separating North Korean forces from South Korean forces; established by the armistice of 1953

A

Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)

133
Q

A race for better weapons between each superpower (mostly U.S. and USSR) to match new weapons which ended up in SALT to limit the number of nuclear weapons including ABMs

A

Arms Race

134
Q

Gorbachev’s glastnost caused unrest and caused independent republics to form starting in the Baltics and ending with the Warsaw Pact being dissolved

A

Collapse of the USSR

134
Q

Organization for the nations of the world to join together to ensure security and peace for all memenbers, WWI

A

League of Nations

135
Q

Autocratic government, Russian rev

A

Tsarism

136
Q

a form of feudalism in which landless peasants were forced to serve the land-owning nobility, russian rev

A

Serfdom

137
Q

When the procession of workers reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the police and the Cossacks. Over 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded. Russian rev

A

Bloody Sunday

138
Q

a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians, whether involuntarily or voluntarily, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian culture and the Russian language. Russian rev

A

Russification

139
Q

By this act all peasants, or serfs, were set free from personal dependence on their landlords, Russian rev

A

emancipation

139
Q

Economic hardship, food shortages and government corruption were all what?

A

Causes of the Russian Revolution

140
Q

a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist who was the founder and first leader of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

A

Lenin

141
Q

form of socialism advocated by Karl Marx; According to Marx, class struggle was inevitable and would lead to the creation of a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the community as a whole

A

Communism

142
Q

the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which the monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Provisional Government.

A

February Revolution

143
Q

the second and last major phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917

A

October Revolution

144
Q

Proletariat

A

working class

145
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

The middle class

146
Q

who ruled Russia for over three centuries until Nicholas II abdicated in 1917

A

Romanov

147
Q

an attempt of the Bolsheviks to revive the Russian economy after years of War Communism

A

(NEP) NEW ECONOMIC POLICY

147
Q

who organized and armed Bolshevik militias across Georgia, running protection rackets and waging guerrilla warfare.

A

Stalin

148
Q

the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government led by Vladimir I. Lenin against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies.

A

Russian Civil War

149
Q

implemented by Joseph Stalin, concentrated on developing heavy industry and collectivizing agriculture, at the cost of a drastic fall in consumer goods.

A

5 Year Plans

150
Q

in the United States and Europe in the 1920s, a rebellious young woman, interwar years

A

Flappers

150
Q

the peasantry were forced to give up their individual farms and join large collective farms

A

Collectivization

151
Q

a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the United States from 1920 to 1933

A

Prohibition

152
Q

Who found that the atoms of certain elements spontaneously release charged particles, interwar years

A

Marie Curie

153
Q

Who made the theory that measurements of space and time are not absolute, but are determuund by the relative positions of the observer?, interwar years

A

Albert Einstein

154
Q

The cultural awakening among blacks in Harlem, NYC, interwar years

A

Harlem Renaissance

155
Q

Fear of racial and the Bolshevik revolution, interwar years

A

Red Scare

156
Q

a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience to the state

A

totalitarianism

157
Q

any centralized, authoritarian government system that is not communist, whose policies glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights

A

Fascism

158
Q

a painful time of global economic collapse, starting in 1929 and lasting until about 1939

A

Great Depression

159
Q

under what plan did Germany’s annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time as its economy improved

A

Dawes Plan

160
Q

Conflict in Asia began well before the official start of World War II. Seeking raw materials to fuel its growing industries, Japan invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931.

A

Japanese invasion of Manchuria

161
Q

Who took the title iL Duce “the leader”, his dictatorship was upheld by terror, and forbid workers to strike while capitalism was upheld

A

Mussolini

162
Q

Who took the name title Der Fuherer - “the leader” and ruled Germany as a totalitarian dictator

A

Hitler

163
Q

1925 autobiographical manifesto by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.

A

Mein Kampf

164
Q

Allied Powers of WWII

A

Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union

165
Q

Axis powers of WWII

A

Italy, Germany, Japan

166
Q
A