history exam flashcards
define ideology.
a set of beliefs of a group/individual (often political) for example, nazism.
define dictatorship.
a style of rulership over a nation with total power over government, army + people, typically obtained by force.
define anti-semitism.
hostility/prejudice towards jewish people.
define putsch.
(german word) an attempt to take over the government by force.
when and where was adolf hitler born?
1889, in braunau, austria.
what were adolf hitler’s parent’s names?
klara and alois hitler.
when was adolf hitler forced into the austrian army? what happened?
1913 – he was later rejected for being unfit for combat and auxiliary duty. he moved to germany and was accepted into this army instead to fight in world war one.
what happened when adolf hitler was asked to spy on the german worker’s party?
he was so moved by their stance that he become their 54th member of the national socialist german worker’s party, or ‘nazi’.
when did adolf hitler stage a putsch?
november 8th, 1923.
when did adolf hitler write his book, mein kampf?
he wrote mein kampf in 1924 whilst in prison.
in order, what were the 5 key events that pushed adolf hitler into power?
- reichstag fire
- emergency decree
- enabling act
- night of long knives
- death of president hindenburg
remember: remend (R-EM-EN-N-D)
what was the reichstag fire? when did it occur?
the german parliament building (reichstag) burned down overnight due to arson. it occurred on february 27th, 1933.
what was the emergency decree? when did it occur?
adolf hitler convinced president hindenburg of a widespread communist conspiracy and civil rights were quickly suspended (freedom of speech removed, letters + phone calls not private, homes searched without notice). it occurred on february 28th, 1933.
what was the enabling act? when did it occur?
this act allowed the reich government to issue laws without the consent of germany’s parliament, gaining hitler absolute power. it occurred on march 23rd, 1933.
what was the night of long knives? when did it occur?
hitler saw a threat to his leadership and arrested those trying to form a new german army. they were put in jail with no trial, and killed later that night. it occurred on june 30th, 1934.
when was hindenburg’s death?
a month after the night of long knives: september 8th, 1934.
how was adolf hitler’s rise to power aided?
- his willingness to use violence to advance his political objectives
- recruiting party members who shared the same beliefs.
- support of wealthy businessmen whom hitler went out of his way to woo.
how and when did adolf hitler die?
suicide– adolf and his wife took cyanide capsules, as well as adolf shooting himself, on april 30th, 1945.
define suffragette.
a member of an activist women’s organisation in the early 20th century who fought for the right to vote in public elections.
define suffrage.
fighting for the right to vote in political elections, the term applying to both men and women.
define w.s.p.u.
the ‘women’s social and political union’: an all-women suffrage advocacy organisation, founded by emmeline pankhurst in 1903.
define tactic.
an action or strategy carefully planned to achieve a specific end.
where did the term ‘suffragette’ come from?
a reporter writing in the daily mail used the term suffragette for the w.s.p.u, derived from ‘suffragist’, in order to belittle the women.
what was the w.s.p.u’s motto?
“deeds, not words.”
how long did the suffragette’s peaceful campaigns last?
40 years.
what was emmeline pankhurst?
- english political activist
- campaigner of women’s suffrage from age 14
- founder of the w.s.p.u.
- frequent offender and often jailed for suffragette actions.
what happened in 1889 for the suffragettes?
the w.s.p.u was founded by emmeline pankhurst.
what happened in 1914 for the suffragettes?
world war one was declared in britain, pausing the suffragette movement.
what happened in 1913 for the suffragettes?
the cat and mouse act is introduced, allowing women weakened from the hunger strike to be released so they did not die in custody of the government.
what were some of the suffragette tactics?
- breaking windows
- planting bombs
- arson
- handcuffing themselves to railings
- hunger strikes
- assaulting police officers
- public demonstrations
what happened in 1918 for the suffragettes?
the representation of the people act granted votes to all men over the age of 21 and women over the age of 30.
why could only women over 30 vote?
to keep the men’s vote as majority.
define hero.
a person in history recognised as important or influential for positive reasons.
define villain.
a person in history recognised as important or influential for negative reasons.
what does the acronym NAME stand for?
novelty - new or never before seen
applicability - relevance according to current events
memory - how they have been remembered over time
effect - aftermath of the person/event
define historical significance.
decision that modern people make about what is important from our past. significance is not the same for everyone or at all times in history.
