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y10 sem2 exams > chemistry exam flashcards > Flashcards

chemistry exam flashcards

1
Q

who’s dmitri mendeleev?

A

created the periodic table and predicted many elements.

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2
Q

what is the atomic number?

A

number of protons present in an atom.

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3
Q

what is the mass number?

A

number of protons + number of neutrons.

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4
Q

number of protons is equal to…

A

number of electrons

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5
Q

what is an isotope?

A

an atom of the same element that differs in the number of neutrons.

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6
Q

where are non-metals located on the periodic table?

A

the right of the periodic table

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7
Q

where are the metals located on the periodic table?

A

left, middle, bottom, of the periodic table

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8
Q

where are the metalloids located on the periodic table?

A

in between the metals + non-metals.

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9
Q

what is a valence electron?

A

outer shell electrons involved in chemical reactions.

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10
Q

what happened in the flame test?

A
  1. heat energy is absorbed by electrons, moving to a higher energy state.
  2. as the substance cools, electrons fall down in energy levels, moving down to ground state.
  3. as the elections fall, energy is released as colour.
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11
Q

what is the octet rule?

A

the tendency of atoms to gain/lose elections in order to have 8 in their shell

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12
Q

what is an ion?

A

atoms that have lost/gained elecrons that carry an electric charge.

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13
Q

what are cations?

A

positively charged ions that lose valence electrons.

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14
Q

what are anions?

A

negatively charged ions that gain valence electrons

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15
Q

ionic bonds form between…

A

metals + non-metals

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16
Q

covalent bonds form between…

A

non-metals

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17
Q

what is electrostatic attraction?

A

attraction between two oppositely charged particles

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18
Q

what are some properties of ionic compounds?

A
  • solid at room temp.
  • very high melting points
  • shatters when force is applied
  • usually dissolve in water
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19
Q

what are some properties of covalent compound MOLECULES?

A
  • gases/liquids/solids
  • low melting points
  • do not conduct electricity
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20
Q

what is the activity series?

A

list which places the elements in decreasing order of reactivity.

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21
Q

what is the most + least reactive on the activity series?

A

most – lithium
least – platinum

22
Q

what are the steps when balancing an equation?

A
  1. determine reactants + products and write a word equation.
  2. find the chemical formulae
  3. write down the chemical equation
  4. balance the number of atoms
  5. include the states (gaseous, solid, liquid, aqueous)
23
Q

what does soluble mean?

A

dissolve

24
Q

what does insoluble mean?

A

precipitate formed

25
Q

what is the conservation of mass?

A

when the mass of the reactants = the mass of the products.

26
Q

what is a redox reaction?

A

chemical reaction that involves electron transfer. one reactant loses electrons and another gains electrons.

27
Q

what is a corrosion reaction?

A

reaction in which a metal is eaten away by substances in the air/water. usually involves oxygen.

28
Q

what is a displacement reaction?

A

reaction in which a substance replaces another element for a compound. A + BC becomes B + AC

29
Q

what is a combustion reaction?

A

reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen and heat is released.

30
Q

what is a decomposition reaction?

A

reaction in which one single compound breaks down into two or more simpler chemicals. AB becomes A + B

31
Q

what is a combination reaction?

A

reaction in which two substances combine to form a compund. A + B becomes AB.

32
Q

what is neutralisation?

A

the reaction in which an acid and a base react to produce water and a salt.

33
Q

(example) what salt would be created in the reaction sodium hydroxide + sulfuric acid?

A

sodium sulfate

34
Q

(example) what salt would be created in the reaction magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid?

A

magnesium chloride

35
Q

what is a fossil fuel?

A

natural gas + oil formed from decaying plants/animals over millions of years.

36
Q

what is crude oil?

A

dark, sticky, liquid, made up of hydrocarbons.

37
Q

what are hydrocarbons?

A

compounds of hydrogren + carbon atoms.

38
Q

what is fractional distillation?

A

process that separates hydrocarbons in crude oil.

39
Q

what are some alternatives to fossil fuels?

A
  • biogas (fuel made from sewage)
  • biofuels (fuel made from plant+animal tissue)
40
Q

what is an alternative to petrol?

A
  • alcohol (contains ethanol)
41
Q

what is a polymer?

A

large molecules made up of repeating units of monomers.

42
Q

what is a monomer?

A

small molecules which contain carbon; they make up a polymer.

43
Q

what is PVC?

A

poly-vinyl chloride, used for drainage and sewerage pipes.

44
Q

what is polyethylene?

A

used for plastic bags, soft-drink bottles + cling wrap.

45
Q

what is nylon?

A

used for clothing, fabric, guitar string + machine parts.

46
Q

what is a co-polymer?

A

when two different monomers alternate along the chain in a polymer.

47
Q

what is thermoplastic?

A

polymers that soften when heated, including polyethylene and PVC.

48
Q

what is thermosetting?

A

polymers that don’t soften when heated, instead they char and blacken.

49
Q

how can the rate of a reaction be changed?

A
  • amount
  • temperature
  • surface area
50
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

speeds up reactions, and uses up less energy.

y10 sem2 exams (5 decks)

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