History Exam Flashcards
Bering Strait
Land Bridge that was believed to be the way the first Native Americans traveled to the Americas from Asia
Mayas - Study of Astromony
Used to make the 1st 365 calender
How did the Mayas use temples
They were used as government buildings
Theocracy
Society ruled by religious leaders.
How did the city of Tenochtitlan get founded?
While looking for a place to set up a temple a eagle with a snake in its mouth landed on a cactus, believed to be a sign from the gods
Tenochititan
Largest city of the time
Incas
Largest tribe, emperor believed to be a descendant of the sun god, Machu Picchu
Hohokam
Created the irrigation system
Inuit
Lived in the north, built igloos, used seal skin for coats
Iroquois League
Onondaga, Seneca, Mohawk, Onedia, Cayuga, women had a strong role in government
Where did women have a strong role in government
The Iroquois League
Clan
group of people with a common ancestor
Carbon Dating
Scientific method used to determine age of an artifact
Nomad
Person who moves two larger bodies of water
Artifact
Tool, weapon, or another object left behind by early people, archaeology
Migration
The movement of large number of people to a new area
Navigational Tools
Accurate maps, astrolabe, compass
Why did Portugal want to explore the world?
They wanted to engage in foreign trade
Where did people get African Slaves?
The African West Coast or the Gold Coast
Religion in Europe
Main religion was Catholicism
Leonardo da Vinci
Painter during the Renaissance, Mona Lisa.
What were the names of Christopher Columbus’s ships?
The Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria
Amerigo Vespucci
Sailor for Spain, realized that South America was seperate from Asia. America is named after him
Ferdinand Magellan
Died during voyage, crew was the first people to circumnavigate
Hernan Cortez
Conquered the Aztec empire, explored east coast of Mexico
Aztecs
Rich with gold, military empire, performed human sacrifice
Francisco Pizzaro
Conquered the Inca empire
Native Americans
People of the West
Why didn’t the Native Americans like Europe?
Their ways of living were runied by Europeans
Who conquered the Native Americans?
The Europeans.
Reformation
A religious movement
Who started the Reformation?
Martin Luther
Who did Giovanni da Verrazano start sailing for?
He sailed for France
What was Giovanni da Verrazano trying to find?
Northern routes
Who did Henry Hudson sail for?
He sailed for the Dutch.
Henry Hudson
Had mutiny and got kicked out was never seen again,
What was named after Henry Hudson?
Hudson Bay
What was named after Amerigo Vespucci?
The Americas was named after him.
What did Jamestown grow?
Tobacco
Charters
Document that grants the right to form a colony, given by a king
Puritans
Low religious tolerance
What did the Puritans want to reform?
The church
Who made the Mayflower Compact
The Pilgrims
What key step did the Mayflower Compact make?
They made a key step in representative democratic government in the Americas.
Pilgrims
People who didn’t want religious persecution
Squanto and Samoset
Native Americans who helped the Pilgrims survive
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
First ever written Constitution in America
Rhode Island
First Colony to practice for life religious tolerance
Maryland
Colony founded for persecuted Catholics
New Amsterdam
Governor gave it to England without a fight,
Where is New Amsterdam now?
New York City
What was the nickname “City of Brotherly Love” given to?
Philadelphia,
who founded Philadelphia
Quaker William Penn
Charter of Privelages
Gave colonists the right to elect representatives to legislature
Delaware
Seperate colony from Pennsylvania
Who established Delaware?
The swedish
Who gave approval to seperated Pennsylvania?
William Penn
Pennsylvania Quakers were pacifists: True or False?
True
What did the Quakers believe?
They believed that everyone was equal
Who started the Quakers?
William Penn
Pacifist
Someone who doesn’t like to fight, peaceful
Federalist
Wanted a strong government
Anti-Federalists
Wanted a strong local government
Eliza Lucas
Developed indigo in1740
Georgia
Conlony established for debtors to make a fresh start.
Alliance
Partnership
Iroquois Confederacy
Group of Native Americans under a general government.
What side was the Iroquois Confederacy on in the French/Indian War?
They remained neutral
Who created the Albany Plan
Benjamin Franklin
Convert
To change
Enlightenment
Intellectual and philosophical movement in 17-18th century Europe
Navigation Act
Forced colonists to sell all raw materials to England, traded goods to be carried on English ships,
How was the Navigation Act received?
was first enjoyed but soon was hated
Proprietary Colony
Colony that was owned by someone or multiple people
Who could vote?
White men who owned property
Proclamation of 1763
Kept colonists from moving west f the Applachian Mountains
Who could vote
White men who owned property
Proclamation of 1763
Kept colonists from moving west of the Applachian Mountains
Ohio Valley
Tried to drive out the French and set up Fort Necessity.
How did the Fort Necesssity base turn out?
George Washington ended up surrendering
What were the Major Powers in North America in the 1700s?
Britain and France
What was the relationship between the Native Americans and the French?
They regularly traded with each other
What makes the Native Americans like the French?
They didn’t take any land
What was the most major alliance during the French/Indian War?
The French and the Native Americans.
William Pitt
Prime Minister in British government, big military planner.
How did William Pitt help the French?
He helped win the French/Indian War
What were the disadvantages that William Pitt give England?
He put England in a lot of debt
Treaty of Paris
End of France’s power in the Americas
Immigration
The permanent movement of people into one country from other nations
The Great Awakening
Big religious revival in Europe
What did Thomas Paine make?
He created a pamphlet called Common Sense
John Hancock
First to sign the Declaration of Independence
Who was the president of the Continental Congress?
John Hancock
Who started the Sons of Liberty
Samuel Adams
How did they protest against taxes?
They burned effigies
Who started the Boston Tea Party
The Sons of Liberty
How did the Colonists react to their taxes
They hated them
What did the Colonists do to react to the new taxes
They boycotted and started the Boston Tea Party
What did the Parliament do to react to the Colonist’s reaction to the new laws?
They made the Coercive Acts which were called Intolerable Acts by colonists
Continental Congress
Challenged British control
Leaders of the Continental Congress
Samuel Adams, John Adams, John Jay, George Washington, Richard Henry Lee, and Patrick Henry
Who was Continental Army’s general?
George Washington
Continental Army
Fought against the British
What were the strengths of the Continental Army?
Fighting on their own land and fighting spirt, hit and run tactics and foreign aid.
What were the weaknesses of the Continental Army?
Untrained soldiers and limited artillery
Boston
Largest resistence to British rule
What kind of colony is Biston?
It’s a New England Colony
John Locke
English philosopher in the Enlightenment.
What was shaped by John Locke’s writing?
The Declaration of Independence
Which founding father was inspired by John Locke
Thomas Jefferson
what rights did John Locke believe that humans had the right to have?
He believed that people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property,
What should the government to do these rights according to John Locke?
He believed that governments should protect those rights,
What should the citizens do if the government interferes with these rights according to John Locke?
a government interfering with those rights could rightfully be overthrown
Olive Branch Petition
Explained to the king that the colonists wanted peace and protection of rights.
Did the Olive Branch Petition work?
No.
Benedict Arnold
Led an attack on Quebec, traitor
Did Benedict Arnold’s attack on Quebec work?
No.
Thomas Gage
Ordered to seize weapons from Concord to stop colonists
What group was William Dawes and Paul Revere in?
Sons of Liberty
Who warned that the British are coming?
William Dawes and Paul Revere
What was the commander on Valley Forge?
George Washington
What was the goal for Valley Forge
They were aiming for enemies in Trenton.
What were the conditions in Valley Forge?
Cold, lack of clothing, food and medicine
What was the other name for the Loyalists?
Also known as Tories
Where were the Loyalists strongest in America?
The Carolinas and Georgia
What were the reactions to the Loyalists to the other colonies?
They were shunned (ignored)
What colonies did the African Americans fight for?
They fought for every single colony except South Carolina
What is the first state to have an African American regiment?
Rhode Island
Marquis de Lafayette
Helped train troops for Washington, became assistant aid for George Washington.
Where did Lafayette come from?
came from France
Who did Lafayette become an aid for?
George Washington
Frederick von Steuben
assisted the Continental Army
Where did George Washington go for retirement?
Mount Vernon, Virginia
Blockade
Measure that keeps ships from entering/leaving a harbor
Molly Pitcher
Gave water to soldiers,
What did Molly Pitcher do when her husband died?
used gun when husband was down
Deborah Sampson
Disguised as a man to help in the war.
Mary Ludwig
Took husband’s place in war after death
Lydia Darragh
Warned Thomas Craig of attack against Washington’s army
Who said that we’ll have a long bloody war to go through
John Adams
What were the struggles of the Congress
They struggled with finances, they couldn’t tax, had inflation, and they stopped distributing paper money.
Did anyone believe that we would have a long war?
no.
Who did the French have an alliance with in 1778?
The United States
Treaty of Paris
Created Alliance with the US
What did Britain acknoledged the US for?
It acknoledged Britain as an independent country
Northwest Ordinance
Helped stop slavery in the West, made Northwest Territory
Northwest Territory
Land north of Ohio, east of the Mississipi River
Who attended the Constitutional Convention
55 delegates, Alexander Hamilton and Benjamin Franklin
Who was the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
What is the purpose of the Constitutional Convention
They wanted to change/fix the constitution
Constitution
has the final authority
Why did people oppose the Constitution?
They feared losing the liberty they fought for in the American Revolution
Ratification of the Constitution
9/13 states had to ratify the constitution, last was Rhode Island
Executive branch
President and Vice president, last was Rhode Island
Legislative Branch
Settles Lawmaking branch has House of Representatives and Senate
Judicial Branch
Settles disputes on the law, one Supreme Court
Shay’s Rebellion
Farmers raided storehouses to stop government from stealing land
Who organized Shay’s rebellion
Daniel Shay
Virginia Plan
Two house legislature, cheif executive, court system
Who developed the Virginia Plan
John Madison
The Great Compromise
gave the idea of a two house legislature (population and equality
Who proposed the Great Compromise
Roger Sherman
State Constitutions
Listed key rights and freedoms known as Bill of Rights
Republic Government
People elect representatives
Bicameral House System
Two house system
