History Chapter 7 Flashcards
Created a single northwest territory from lands north of the Ohio River and the Mississipi River. Also the first attempt to slavery.
Northwest Ordinance
The USA’s First Constitution
Articles of Confederation
the presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention
George Washington
proposed the Great Compromise
Roger Sherman
Final Authority in the federal government
The constitution
How did the Great Compromise settle the disagreement between large and small states?
They proposed a bicameral government.
This leader’s power was limited by the state constitution
The Governer’s
what was the significance of the North of the Ohio River and the East of the MIssisippi River
The Brits promised to keep out of there in the Treaty of Paris
What was the accomplishment of the Articles of the Confederation
They spread over the North, but they had a lot of financial problems
What was the problem of the articles of the confedertion?
They had a lot of financial problems.
Farmers began to resent the government because they weren’t able to sell goods and were sent to jail due to tax evasion.
Shay’s Rebellion
What were the contradictions about the battle for liberty?
The government wanted everyone to be free, yet they still wanted slaves
What was the new national government based on?
The Virginia Plan
What say did the people have in the new government?
They can now vote for a leader/president
having two seperate law making chambers
bicameral
depreciate
to fall in value
Antifederalist
wanted a stronger local government
Federalist
People who supported the constitution
Frames
Created, wrote and revised the constitution
Manumission
the freeing of individual enslaved persons
influenced many of the framers of the constitution with his views on individual rights.
John Locke
the lawmaking branch of government
Legislative Branch
the branch of government that interprets the law includes the courts that settle disputes and questions of the law
judicial branch
executive branch
executes or carries out the law; headed by the president
How did the Age of Enlightenment influence the writes of the Constitution?
They were inspired to create a Bill of Rights
What did the states adopt in 1776?
A constitution and a bicameral legislature
What kind of government did the Americans agree on?
A republic
A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
Republic
What did the Second Continental Congress adopt in November 1777?
The Articles of Confederation?
What did the Articles of the Confederation provide?
It offered a new central government in which the states kept most of their power.
What powers did the Congress have?
They had the power to conduct foreign affairs, maintain armed forces, borrow money, and issue currency.
What power DIDN’T the Congress have?
They couldn’t regulate trade, force citizens to join the army, or impose taxes.
How did the states approve a law?
Nine out of twelve states had to approve the law.
When did the weakness of the government become more evident?
It became more evident when the United States encountered problems with Britain and Spain.
What happened after the American Revolution?
The United States went through a depression
Depression
a period when economic activity slows and unemployment increases
Why did the Shays’s rebellion begin?
Farmers had trouble paying money requested by the states to meet the war debts.
How many farmers were in Shays’s Rebellion?
A thousand
What was the main reason of the 1787 Continental Congress?
They wanted to discuss the Articles of Confederation.
What did the Virginia Plan propose?
They called for a two-house legislature, an elected chief executive, and a court system.
How did the Virginia Plan describe the two-house government?
They said that that the representatives would be proportional to the population of the state
What did the New Jersey Plan propose?
It proposed a one-house legislature, one for each state.
Which idea did the states vote on the most?
the Virginia plan
What did they do to fix the Virginia plan?
They fixed the representation of the ideas in the Virginia Plan
What did Roger Sherman propose?
He proposed a two-house legislature
Explain Roger Sherman’s idea for the lower house in the two-house legislature.
The number of seats would be proportional to the state’s population.
Explain Roger Sherman’s idea for the upper house in the two-house legislature.
Each state would have two members.
What is the Three-fifths compromise?
It settled the issue of how to count enslaved people.
Explain the three-fifths compromise
Each enslaved person was to be counted as three-fifths of a free person for both taxation and representation
Where did the Framers get inspired from?
European political writers like John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu
What did the Constitution establish?
It established a federal system of government
Federalism
Power is shared between the national government and state governments
Legislative Branch
Includes house of representatives and the Senate.
Executive Branch
Headed by the president
Judicial Branch
The supreme court is the highest court in the nation
Federalists
Supporters of the constitution
Anti-federalists
Opponents of the Constitution
What were the goals of the Federalists?
They wanted a strong central government to protect the rights and freedoms of the people.
Why didn’t the Anti-Federalists like a strong national government?
They thought that a strong national government would take away the freedoms of the common people.
When did the Constitution become ratified?
June of 1788.
Why did Virginia ratify the Constitution?
Virginia ratified the Constitution after being promised the inclusion of a Bill of Rights amendment.
bicameral
having two separate lawmaking chambers
republic
a government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
abandon
to give up
ordinance
law
clause
a special condition in a formal document
depreciated
to fall in value
depression
a period when economic activity slows and unemployment increases
manumission
the freeing of individual enslaved persons
convention
meeting
amend
to change or revise
proportional
having the proper size in relation to other objects or items
compromise
a settlement of a dispute by each party giving up some demands
tradition
longstanding cultural belief or practice
federalism
sharing power between the federal and state governments
legislative branch
lawmaking branch of government
executive branch
branch of government that executes, or carries out, the law; headed by the president
Electoral College
special group of electors chosen to vote for president and vice president
judicial branch
the branch of government that includes the courts that settle disputes and questions of the law
reside
to exist in
checks and balances
a system by which each branch of government limits the powers of other branches
amendment
a change, correction, or improvement added to a document
List four powers of the government under the
Articles of Confederation.
They can conduct foreign affairs, mantain armed forces, borrow money, and issue currency
Was the Confederation government strong or weak in the area of trade relations?
The Confederation government was weak in trade relations due to its lack of power to regulate interstate commerce, resulting in trade barriers between states and difficulties in negotiating foreign trade agreements. This led to economic instability and competition.
What kind of military force did the
Confederation government have?
They had a weak military force.
What kind of government is a republic?
A republic is a government in which citizens rule through elected representatives
Under the Articles, how many states had to
approve a new law?
All of the states had to approve a new law.
Why did the Continental Congress have
difficulty raising money?
The congress had to ask other states to borrow money.
Ordinance of 1785
It divided the Ohio River into large townships that are six miles long.
Northwest Ordinance
Created a single Northwest Territory from the lands north of the Ohio river and the east of the MIssisipi River
Land Act of 1800
Aimed to encourage settlement in the Northwest territory.
How were townships divided under the
Ordinance of 1785?
They were divided by 6 miles and sold at auction for at least a dollar an acre
What was the purpose of the Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was important for
Establishing a structured process for governing the Northwest Territory.
Setting a clear path for territories to achieve statehood with equal status. Including a bill of rights for residents, guaranteeing civil liberties.
Prohibiting slavery in the Northwest Territory. Emphasizing education by reserving land for public schools. Stating that Native American rights should not be violated without their consent
How do you think the Northwest Ordinance
affected Native Americans?
it set the stage for the displacement and marginalization of Native American communities.
Money printed during the American Revolution
increased in value
False, they lost value
The war left Congress in debt: True or False
True
Congress had paid soldiers in full for military service in the Spain opened the lower Mississippi River to
American shipping : True or False
False, they still owed the soldiers money.
Congress lacked the power to tax and couldn’t
pay its debts.: True or False
True
Robert Morris proposed a 10 percent tax on
imported goods to help pay the national debtT: True or False
True
One problem the new American government had
was that the British were keeping Americans out
of the West Indies and other important British
markets: True or False
True
Spain opened the lower Mississippi River to
American shipping.: True or False
False, Spain closed the lower Mississipi River to the Americans
What happened because American farmers could
not pay their taxes or debts.
State officials seized the farmers’ lands and threw them in jail.
What did Daniel Shays do in 1787?
He created a farmers revolt went to the weapons storehouse in Springfield, Massachussetts
How did the Militia respond to Shay’s rebellion?
The militia ordered the farmers to stop but the farmers didn’t obey the orders
What three problems did the Americans have after the American Revolution?
Money shortages, economic depressing, and trade fallouts.
How did the actions of Northern states differ
from actions of Southern states regarding slavery after the
American Revolution?
They didn’t have a lot of slaves in the North.
Alexander Hamilton called a convention to
consider what changes were needed to the
Articles of Confederation.: True or False?
False, he called a convention because they needed changes to the constitution
George Washington is called the “father of the
Constitution”: True or False?
False, James Madison is called the “father of the constitution
The Virginia plan called for a two-house legislature: True or False?
True
Proportional representation in the legislature was proposed New Jersey Plan: True or False?
False, the idea was made by Virginia.
The New Jersey Plan gave Congress the powers to set taxes and regulate trade: True or False?
True
The larger states objected to the Virginia Plan because they would have fewer votes than small states: True or False?
True
How did the Great Compromise settle the issue
of representation in the legislature?
The Great Compromise stated that larger states had more representation.
Explain the Three-Fifths Compromise.
Five enslaved Africans counted as three votes.
In addition to the Three-Fifths Compromise,
what other compromise was reached at the convention
regarding slavery?
The Northerners compromised to keep the Congress from interfering with slave trade until 1808.
How many states would have to approve the
Constitution?
Nine to thirteen states had to approve of the Constitution.
What reason did two
delegates give for refusing to sign the Constitution?
The three delegates still wanted a bill of rights to be in the Constitution.
Why do you think representation was such a
difficult issue to resolve?
It was probably because the larger states had more power then the smaller states, so that the larger states wanted the extra power but instead the smaller states wanted more of a say.
John Locke believed that all people have natural
rights to life, liberty, and property: True or False?
True
The idea for balance of powers in government
came from Baron de Montesquieu: True or False?
True
Baron de Montesquieu believed that government is based on a contract between people and the ruler: True or False?
False, John Locke believed that government was based on a contract between people and the ruler
Two English documents that served as models
for the Constitution were the Magna Carta and
the English Bill of Rights: True or False?
True
Federalism means having a strong federal
government: True or False?
False, It means to share power between federal and state governments.
The Framers of the Constitution studied the ideas
of political writers from the past in order to avoid
their mistakes.
: True or False?
True
What is one power of the
legislative branch?
The government can pass laws that can deal with new situations.
What is one power of the
executive branch?
The government can pass laws that are necessary and proper
What is one power of the
judicial branch?
They can pass laws.
How are the president and vice president elected?
They can be voted in from the Electoral College
What is the system of
checks and balances?
The government branch can limit the powers of other branches
What were some arguments the Anti-
Federalists made against the Constitution?
They argued that a strong government would take away liberties that the Americans fought for in the American Revolution,
What were the Federalist Papers?
A series of essays explaining and defending the Constitution.
Who wrote the Federalist Papers?
George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay wrote the Federalist Papers.
Why was the support of New York
and Virginia important even after nine states had ratified
the Constitution?
New York and Virginia were the biggest states/colonies in America.
Why did New York, Virginia, North Carolina, and
Rhode Island eventually agree to ratify the Constitution?
They ratified it if they added a bill of rights to the constitution.
