Chapter 14 L1 L2 Flashcards
What took two thirds of the country’s manufactured goods in 1860
Factories
What did the improvements of transportation include?
canals and Railroads.
What contributed to the success of the new American industry?
The development of canals and Railroads.
Why was the telegraph important?
It could transfer info in minutes rather than days.
Where did settlement expand in the 1830s
The wider Midwest
Which tools reduced the labor required for farming?
The steel-tipped plow, the mechanical reaper, and the thresher
What allowed farmers to plant more acres of cash crops?
New machines and access to railroads
What happened in the 1800s? because of industrialization?
Northern cities grew in size.
Was the immigration rates increasing or decreasing in the 1840s to the 1860s?
The immigration rates greatly increased sharply
What did people fear about immigration?
They feared that immigration threatened the future of American-born citizens
How did working conditions change as the factory system developed?
Conditions for workers worsened, and child labor became a serious problem
What action did workers take in the 1830s to improve their conditions?
Workers began organizing into unions.
By the 1830s, what was the status of slavery in the North?
Slavery has largely disappeared, but racial injustice and discrimination remained
How were women treated in the workplace during the 1800s?
Women faced discrimination, received lower wages, and were often excluded from unions.
Innovation
A new development or invention
Clipper ships
Ship with sleek hulls and tall sails that “clipped” time from a long journey
Transform
To change significantly
Telegraph
a device that used electric signals to send messages
Morse code
a system of dots and dashes that represent the alphabet
trade union
group of workers with the same trade, or skill
strike
a work stoppage by employees as a protest against an employer
prejudice
an unfair opinion not based on facts
discrimination
unfair treatment
community
group of people who live in the same area
license
an official authority to do something
famine
an extreme shortage of food
nativist
a person opposed to immigration
What is the first phase of industrialization
Employers divided jobs into smaller steps
What is the second phase of industrialization
entrepreneurs build factories to bring specialized workers together
What is the third phase of industrialization
Workers used machines to complete tasks
How did the use of machines change the workers’ jobs
Factories became two-thirds of the country’s manufactured goods
What effect did industrialization have on the quantity of goods being produced?
Industrialization increased due to the use of specialized workers, factories and machines.
Name three innovations in transportation in the 1800s
Steamboats, Railroads, and clipper ships.
What areas were united by the Railroads?
Railroads connected the Midwest to the East.
Explain how the telegraph worked
The telegraph used electric signals to send messages through wires
What are the two effects of expanding the system of canals in the country
Increased transportation and trade, and city expansion
True or False: The region called the Great Plains included the
states of Iowa, Minnesota, and Virginia. If false, why?
False, the Great Plains included Iowa, Minnisota, and Missouri
True or False: The steel-tipped plow allowed farmers to cut through hard prarie sod
True
True or False: Because of agricultural innovations, farmers were willing to move to the midwest, if false why?
True
True or False: The mechanical reaper and the telegraph were important agricultural innovations, if false, why?
False, the telegraph was a communication innovation.
True or False: John Deere became famous for his invention of the mechanical reaper, if false, why?
False, John Deere is famous for inventing the steel-tipped plow
True or False: Farmers could harvest grain much more quickly with the mechanical reaper than they could by hand , if false, why?
True
True or False: Farmers could plant more wheat because they can harvest it more quickly, if false, why?
True
What took over more and more labor in the mid-1800s?
Machines
What did factories become able to produce more of due to machines?
Goods
Where were more goods produced as machines took over labor?
Factories
Whose working conditions became worse as factories developed?
Employees
What moving parts of machines caused injuries in factories?
Belts
What was missing from machines that could have prevented injuries?
Protection
What did not exist to prevent children from working in harsh factory conditions?
Labor laws
What did workers begin forming to push for better working conditions?
Trade unions
What action did workers take to pressure factory owners?
Strikes
Who did workers go on strikes against?
Employers
In the early 1800s, what was illegal for workers to do?
Strike
In 1842, which government granted workers the right to strike?
The Massachchusetts government
Which term describes unfair opinions against African Americans in the North?
Prejudice
Which term describes the unfair treatment African Americans faced?
Discrimination
What were African Americans not allowed to do in many Northern states?
Vote
What type of schools were African Americans forced to attend?
Poor-quality schools
Who co-founded the first African American newspaper?
Samuel Cornish
Who became the first listened African American lawyer
Macon B. Allen
What did Sarah G. Bagley and her organization petition for?
A 10-hour workday
Why was Sarah G. Bagley’s petition ignored?
Because the workers were women
What are the three factors that had a big impact on the growth of cities in the mid-1800s
Industrialization, growth of trade, and transportation
Name three Midwestern cities that grew as a result of being located on rivers
St. Louis, Pittsburgh, and Cincinati
The largest number of immigrants to the United States came from which two countries?
Ireland and Germany
How did immigrants change American life?
They took factory jobs, brought new languages, and influenced American culture
What was a nativist
A person against immigration
How did the No-Nothing Party get its name?
Members responded with “I know nothing” when asked about their activities
What were the two reasons that people gave for opposing immigration?
Immigrants were accused for taking jobs from americans and for bringing disease and crime.
