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CCEA GCSE (S1) > History - Collective Revision S1 Nazi Germany > Flashcards

History - Collective Revision S1 Nazi Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

On which date was the Night of the Long Knives?

A

June 30th 1934

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2
Q

Which organisation and which leader specifically was targeted on the Night of the Long Knives?

A

The SA (stormtroopers) led by Ernst Röhm

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3
Q

Why did Hitler move to eliminate the SA on the Night of the long knives?

A
  1. They had a huge membership, around 3million. Too powerful and too big
  2. Hitler didn’t like the SA as they were unorganised and uncontrolled
  3. Some in the SA sought to wage a 2nd Revolution against the traditional right and the army
  4. Hitler viewed Röhm as a threat due to his military aspirations
  5. Hitler and other Nazis (such as Goering and Himmler) also didn’t like Röhm personally.
    (+6. Röhm was homosexual)
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4
Q

Where was the SA meeting on the Night of the Long Knives?

A

Bad Weisse

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5
Q

What happened on the Night of the Long Knives?

A
  1. Leading SA members were arrested, imprisoned or killed, including the imprisonment of Ernst Röhm
  2. Political rivals of the Nazis, Von Schleicher and Von Kohr were shot and Von Papen was arrested but later released
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6
Q

On which date did Hindenberg die?

A

2nd August 1934

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7
Q

On which month of 1934 did the army have a change in their oath and what was this change?

A

August, pledged allegiance to the Führer

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8
Q

Who were the Shutstaffel and what was their original role?

A

The SS were the Nazis personal protection squad, founded in 1925 and led post 1929 by HEINRICH HIMMLER

Separated from the SA in 1930 and became Hitler’s internal police force

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9
Q

Who led the following proponents of the Nazi police state: SS (and SD), Gestapo

A

SS - HEINRICH HIMMLER
SD - (OWNED BY SS) operated by REINHARDT HEYDRICH

Gestapo - HERMAN GOËRING pre 1936 - then HEINRICH HIMMLER

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10
Q

Where was the first concentration camp and when was it built? Who ran it?

A

Dachau - 22nd March 1933

Led by Death’s Head Unit of the SS

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11
Q

What were the four parts of the SS

A

SS
SD
Waffen SS (military)
Death’s Head Unit

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12
Q

What law gave the Gestapo the power to use illegal methods? What year was it enforced?

A

The Gestapo Law - 1936

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13
Q

What was the role of the Gestapo?

A

Secret state police - tracked and hunted enemies of the state, or anyone who opposed the Nazis

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14
Q

What changed in the Judicial system in 1934?

A

The people’s court was founded - nazification of judicial law including:
1. Removing non Nazi judges in order to have the power to sentence anyone the Nazis wanted to (E.g. purge of judiciary)
2. Removing non Nazi Lawyers

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15
Q

Where were the Gestapo formed and when?

A

1933 in Prussia
Extended their control to all of Germany by 1936

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16
Q

Who was the minister of the interior under Hitler’s first cabinet?

A

Wilhelm Frick

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17
Q

What was the most crucial Law in solidifying Nazi control? When was it passed?

A

The Enabling Act
Voted on March 23rd 1933

Passed March 24th 1933

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18
Q

On what date was the enabling Act voted on
and
when was it signed?

A

March 23rd 1933
And
March 24th 1933

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19
Q

When were the Trade Unions forcibly closed?

A

May 2nd 1933

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20
Q

When and to what were the Trade Unions merged by the Nazis?

A

May 10th 1933, DAF (German Labour Front)

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21
Q

What piece of legislation was passed on July 14th 1933?

A

The Law against the formation of Parties

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22
Q

When did the Reichstag Fire occur and what decree was passed?

A

Feb 27th
Decree for the protection of the people and the state Feb 28th

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23
Q

How many people were in concentration camps by 1939?

A

162000

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24
Q

Who was the Nazi Minister of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment?

A

Josef Goebbels

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25
Q

What is an example of a ‘sound bite’ used by the Nazis?

A

‘Kinder, kuche, kirche’, ‘blood & soil’, ‘germ cell of the nation’, ‘different not inferior’ or ‘bread & work’

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26
Q

By 1939, how many newspapers did the Nazis own?

A

67%

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27
Q

What was the name of the Nazi news company?
What was the name of the Nazi press company?

A

DNB or Nazi news agency

Eher Verlag - press

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28
Q

When was the burning of the books?

A

10th May 1933

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29
Q

When was the editor’s law passed? What did it do?

A

October 1933, reduced newspaper independence and facilitated Eher Verlag taking over papers

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30
Q

When was Nazi approval officially required to become a journalist?

A

1935

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31
Q

Which groups did the Nazis specifically target in publication of books?

A

Socialists, Pacifists and Jews

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32
Q

What was the name of the State produced radio and what was the benefit of owning it? What did it do specifically?

A

Volksempfanger

Very cheap if not free

Only broadcast from domestic stations, most of which the Nazis controlled

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33
Q

What was the percentage of Germans who owned a radio (give comparison between timeframes)?

A

70% in 1939
~25% in 1932

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34
Q

What did the Nazis install in public settings?

A

Loudspeakers and public address systems

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35
Q

Name two examples of Nazi funded films

A

‘The Eternal Jew’ 1940, ‘Our flags lead us forward’ 1933

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36
Q

When were rallies ordered and why?

A

Nighttime, Nazis believed people would be more reciprocal to propaganda

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37
Q

Name some banned media

A

Foreign music, anti-Nazi jokes and gossip, exhibitions of ‘degenerate art’, authors and foreign broadcasts

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38
Q

Name the Nazi’s key architect

A

Albert Speers

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39
Q

Which two groups specifically opposed the Nazis?

A

Church hierarchies and the youth

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40
Q

Name two Youth opposition groups

A

Swing Youth and Edelweiss Pirates

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41
Q

How did the Edelweiss pirates display opposition?

A

First they did not join the mandatory Nazi Youth organisations
Then they began using petty crime
In the war, they began active resistance

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42
Q

Which member of the Catholic Church in Germany opposed the Nazis?

A

Archbishop of Münster Clemens Von Galen
Used sermons to oppose Nazis

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43
Q

Which Pope wrote an article opposing the Nazis, when and what was it called?

A

Pope Pius XI,’with burning anxiety’ in 1937
Called Hitler ‘a mad prophet with repulsive arrogance’

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44
Q

Which poem did Martin Neimoller write? What was this poem about?

A

‘First they came’
About ruthlessness of Nazi eradication of groups in German society.

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45
Q

How did Dietrich Bonhoeffer protest the Nazis pre war? What policies did he oppose?

A

Through sermons, he openly opposed Nazi euthanasia and anti-semitism and also the founding of the Reich church

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46
Q

How did churches oppose Nazi education and stripping of religious curriculum?

A

The churches continued teaching it until their control over schools was removed.

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47
Q

How many people were imprisoned for political crimes in Germany between 1933 and 39?

A

700000

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48
Q

Was there any active resistance to the Nazis pre war?

A

No

49
Q

Which Youth organisations did children have to attend?

A

Boys:
pimpfe (cubs) - 6-10 (1939)
Deutsches Junvolk (German youth) - 10-14 (1933)
Hitler Jungend (Hitler Youth) - 14-18 (1933)

Girls:
League of German girls (JM) - 10-14 (1939)
Deutsches Jung model (BDM) - 14-18 (1936/7)
Faith and beauty - 18-21

50
Q

Why did Churches support the Nazis to begin with?

A
  • The Nazis sent an old fashioned message of family first
  • Hitler used speeches to send support to churches
  • Catholics and Nazis opposed communism
51
Q

What was the name of the verbal agreement between the Nazis and the Catholic Church? When was it signed and what did it mean?

A

Concordat
1933
Agreed that the Nazis would leave the church alone so long as they stayed out of politics

52
Q

When were the Catholic Youth groups banned?

A

1936

53
Q

When were other alternative youth groups banned? (Excluding church)

A

1936

54
Q

Did the Catholic Church oppose the Nazis often?

A

No
Due to the 1933 concordat
Although many priests were attacked

55
Q

How many Germans were in the Reich Church/German Christians/German Faith Movement?

Who led it?

A
  • 5% of the population
  • Ludwig Möller
56
Q

What organisation was in charge of public works schemes?

A

The Reich Labour Service (RAD)

57
Q

Who was in charge of the New plan?

A

Hjalmar Schact

58
Q

Who led the Four Year Plan?

A

Hermann Goëring

59
Q

Name 3 propaganda slogans the Nazis aimed at women.

A
  1. The 3 k’s (kinder, kuche, kirche)
  2. ‘Germ cell of the nation’
  3. ‘Different not inferior’
60
Q

Where women counted in unemployment figures?

A

No
This is the same for minority groups

61
Q

How many female teachers and doctors had there been in Weimar Germany? How did Nazi policy impact these figures?

A

100000 female teachers and 3000 female doctors

Within a year of Nazi control (1933), most had been sacked or coerced to leave their posts

62
Q

What did the Nazis change with regards to the civil service and law for women?

A

In 1933, women were banned from holding civil service positions
In 1936, female judges were banned from practicing

63
Q

What organisation did the Nazis introduce in place of women’s groups? What values did it promote and how did it promote itself?

A

Women’s league or Frauenfront
They were apolitical and encouraged good housekeeping
They had a magazine named Frauen Warte which had a circulation of 2 million

64
Q

Who did the DAF prohibit from joining meetings if they had poor dietary choices? What was this condition?

A

Women
If they smoked, they were allowed to be excluded

65
Q

What part of the ‘Law to reduce unemployment’ in 1933 encouraged childbirth? Who paid for this?

A

Marriage Loans
600 to 1000 marks to give up work, which was not paid back if a women had four children.

A bachelor’s tax was implemented to fund this, which also encouraged marriage.

66
Q

What were the huge benefits for recipients of the Honour Cross?

A

A gold award allowed a recipient to be taxed less and claim increased state benefits.

67
Q

What was the name of the remaining underground communist movement in Germany?

A

The Red Orchestra

68
Q

On what date was the SPD banned?

A

June 22nd 1933

69
Q

On what date was the date of the ‘Law against the formation of parties’?

A

July 14th 1933

70
Q

On what date did the last of the major political parties in Germany disband? Who were they?

A

The centre party on July 5th 1933

71
Q

When were trade unions merged? What was their new name?

A

May 10th 1933
The DAF (German labour front)

72
Q

On what exact date were the Reichstag elections where the Nazis won 288 seats (340 in coalition)?

A

5th of March 1933

73
Q

Which party were banned due to the ‘decree for the protection of the people and the state?

A

The KPD (communist party)
Feb 28th 1933

74
Q

How many voted in favour of the enabling act?

A

444 for
96 against (all Social Democrats)

75
Q

What is the name for the forced integration of Aryan children and women?

A

Lebensborn

76
Q

By which year was divorce actively encouraged in childless couples?

A

1938

77
Q

What was the change in birthrate (give timeframe)? Was this because of Nazi policy?

A

970000 in 1933
1.413m in 1939

Most likely not because of Nazi policy

78
Q

What law was enforced which allowed for the sterilisation of disabled men and women? When was it enforced?

A

The law for the Prevention Of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring

1933

79
Q

How many women failed to obtain a marriage certificate?

A

1 in 25

80
Q

Which organisation was in charge of forced sterilisation? How many women were forcibly sterilised by 1939?

A

Genetic Health Courts

350000

81
Q

What was the cycle for those refused marriage licences?

A

Certificate refused —> Workhouse (‘rehab’) —> Concentration Camps

82
Q

Which body examined potential recipients of the Honour cross? When were they formed? What powers did they yield?

A

Post 1938
League of Large Families

They had the power to send mothers they saw as ‘neglectful’ to workhouses or, if ‘unreformable’, concentration camps

83
Q

How did Nazi education policy backfire with regards to women?

A

By war preparation time, women were forced back into the workplace (due to conscription)

They were unqualified and lacked skills, so the time consuming policy of ‘Duty Years’ had to be implemented

1937

84
Q

How did Nazi family rewards appear to Germans?

A

Germans believed the Nazis were purely rewarding existing large families rather than promoting growth

85
Q

What effect did relaxation of marriage laws have? When was this?

A

Marriage grew

1938

86
Q

What was the progression of Hitler Youth organisation compulsivity?

A

1933, encouraged but not compulsory
1936, alternatives all banned
1939, Compulsory

87
Q

When was the law which made the Hitler youth mandatory and what was its name?

A

Hitler Youth Law
March 25th 1939

88
Q

What were girls taught broadly? Why was this?

A

Maternal, housekeeping skills, forcing women into the home

89
Q

What was the total enrolment in the Hitler Youth by 1935? (Give each gender’s total)

A

Male, 2.3m
Female, 1.5m

90
Q

What was the monthly magazine for boys in the Hitler youth?

A

Will and Power

91
Q

What effect did the (1936) Hitler Youth law have on education?

A

Education was drastically reformed and Nazified (e.g. eugenics teachings)

92
Q

What was the teachers union founded by the Nazis? How many were in it by 1939?

A

Nationalist Socialist Teachers Alliance

97% of all teachers

93
Q

What three, state ran schools were founded and who taught in them?

A
  • Adolf Hitler schools: P.E. And eugenics taught, led by leader and commanders, not teachers and principals
  • National Political Institutes of Education (Napolas): military schools, for those between 11-18. Proceeded to the Waffen SS
  • Order Castles (ordensburgen): elite students from above, prepared to be elite SS officers. Used live ammunition and war games
94
Q

What year was the purge of education?

A

1934

95
Q

What is the German word for ‘Master race’

A

Herenvolk

96
Q

What is the German word for Subhuman

A

Untermenschen

97
Q

What policy involving the disabled did the Nazis implement between 1939 and 1941?

A

Euthanasia (killing)

98
Q

Which law allowed the Nazis to sterilise the disabled?

A

The 1933 diseased offspring law

99
Q

How many men and women were sterilised between 1934 and 1945?

A

300000

100
Q

What is another name for the Roma Holocaust?

A

Parajmos

101
Q

What did the Nazis attach to the Hitler Youth in 1933?

A

The institute for ‘sex research’
Which ‘studied’ homosexuality

102
Q

What did the law for the reformation of the state do? (Janurary 1934)

A

It abolished the Reichsrat and with it, the local governmental system in Germany

103
Q

Who was the Nazi Minister for education?

A

Bernhard Rust

104
Q

Who was the last chancellor before Hitler? When was he killed?

A

Kurt Von Schleicher

Killed on Night Of the Long Knives

105
Q

When was religion banned in schools?

A

1939

106
Q

What percentage of the vote did the Nazis receive in the election in January 1933?

A

33%

107
Q

What church was Martin Neimoller and Dietrich Bonhoeffer in? When was it founded?

A

The Confessional Church

October 1934

108
Q

When was American swing music banned?

A

1935

109
Q

Who led Frauenfront?

A

Gertrude Von Klink

110
Q

When were duty years introduced?

A

1937

111
Q

What did the SPD morph into after being declared illegal

A

The Manheim Group

112
Q

What was the umbrella term for the underground communist movement?

A

The Red Orchestra

113
Q

What is the definition of a police state?

A

A state whereby the police are politically motivated and are no longer neutral

114
Q

What youth organisation was for women between 18 and 21

A

Faith and beauty

115
Q

What was the name of the media tycoon who supported the Nazis and aided their propaganda?

A

Alfred Hugenberg

116
Q

When did Hitler give a radio address to the nation?

A

The day after becoming chancellor

117
Q

What was the name of the Nazi propaganda film based on the 1936 Berlin Olympics?

A

Olympia

118
Q

What new government ministry did the Nazis form?

A

The ministry of propaganda and public enlightenment

119
Q

How many books were burned on the ‘Burning of the books’ on May 10th 1933

A

The writings of 2500 authors

20000 books by banned authors in Berlin

CCEA GCSE (S1) (25 decks)

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