History Chapter 7 Flashcards
What changes did America’s independence bring
It provided new land opportunities, it led to greater social equality, and it drastically changed the government of the colonies
The _______ ___ __________ secured America’s independence from Britain and with independence
Treaty of Paris
What does bicameral mean
Two-house
What kind of state government did most of the states set up
Bicameral
What did the articles of confederation establish
A union in which the central government is subject to the state governments
What does ratify mean
Approve
What were the new government’s weaknesses
They couldn’t get any of the states to agree on anything, the central government had no executive or judicial branches to provide strong leadership and a just court system, and congress lacked the power to tax and to preform other essential duties
What was the name of the uprising led by Daniel Shays not to pay taxes
Shays Rebellion
The ____________ ___________ provided for the establishment of new states north and west of the Ohio River. It also guaranteed freedom of religion, trial by jury, and public education, and prohibited slavery
Northwest ordinance
What are amendments
Additions
Where did the state delegates assemble for the Constitutional Convention
Philadelphia’s Independence Hall
What state didn’t attend the Constitutional Convention
Rhode Island
Why didn’t Rhode Island attend the Convention
She feared that the big states would dominate the event.
What was the Constitutional Convention supposed to be for
Revising the Articles
Perhaps who was the most important member of the Constitutional Convention whose ideas on law, order, and Christian responsibility greatly influenced the Constitution
James Madison
Who was elected president of the Constitutional Convention
George Washington
Where was Thomas Jefferson during the Constitutional Convention
In France serving as the American ambassador
Where was John Adams during the Constitutional Convention
England
Who said that God governs in the affairs of men to calm the shouting at the Constitutional Convention and suggested that they begin each morning with prayer, asking for God’s guidance and wisdom.
Benjamin Franklin
What did the Virginia Plan establish
Representation according to the state population
What did the New Jersey Plan establish
Equal representation for each state
What plan did the smaller states call for
New Jersey Plan
What plan did the larger states call for
Virginia Plan
What was James Madison’s nickname during the Constitutional Convention
Father of the Constitution
What did James Madison promote
Careful balance of power that would prevent one branch of government from becoming to powerful
What Compromise called for a bicameral legislature
Connecticut Compromise
What does bicameral mean
Two house
The _________ ___ _____________ is the number of representatives for each state
House of Representatives
What is another name for the Connecticut Compromise
Great Compromise
Why is the Connecticut Compromise known as the Freat Compromise
Because it probably saved the Constitutional Convention from failure
The ______________ ____________ counted three of every five slaves for representation and taxation
Three-Fifths Compromise
What are tariffs
Fees on imported goods
What compromise made Congress unable to levy export tariffs and regulate the slave trade at least until 1808
The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
The Constitution could not be changed unless ____________ majority vote in both houses of congress and ___________ of the states had to ratify the change
Two-thirds and three-fourths
What were people called that approved the constitution
Federalists
In a ___________ ___________ the power is divided between the states and the national government
Federal System
Those who oppose the constitution were called
Anti-Federalists
What three people published a series of articles supporting the constitution called the ___________ __________
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, called the Federalist Papers
When did all the states ratify the Constitution
May 29, 1790
Who was the first to ratify the Constitution
Delaware
The ______ ____ _________ consists of the first 10 amendments to the constitution
Bill of Rights
What was the Constitutions first amendment
A guarantee of religious freedom
A __________ is a government controlled by its citizens through elected representatives
Republic
In a _________ __________ the people govern indirectly through elected representatives both in their state and in the national government
Federal Republic
What were the three branches in the national government
Legislative, executive, and judicial
What was the judicial, legislative, and the executive branches jobs
Legislative-make laws
Executive-enforce laws
Judicial-interpret the law according the Constitution
What great statesman and scientist helped calm the delegates during the heated debates
Benjamin Franklin
Name the three compromises made at the Constitutional Convention
Three-Fifths Compromise, the Connecticut Compromise, and the Commerce and Slave Compromise
Under the Constitution who kept most of the power
Power divided between state and the national government
The _______ ________ would maintain law and order, assure free trade and sound money, and protect the nation in time of war
Central government
Name the three branches of the national government
Legislative, executive, and judicial
How would the three branches check and balance each other
By having separate but equal powers
What did the ten amendments list
The people’s individual rights and freedoms
The people who wrote our constitution __________ in or had great ________ for prayer and the bible
Believed, respect
Why did many Americans insist on a Bill of Rights
To control man’s sinful nature
What three changes did independence bring to america
It provided land opportunities It lead to greater social equality and it drastically changes the government of the colonies
How did James Madison’s beliefs contribute to the U.S constitution
His ideas on law, order, and Christian responsibility, as well as his background in Old Testament law and English tradition, greatly influenced the Constitution
What great statesman and scientist helped calm the delegates during the heated debates of 1787
Benjamin Franklin
Name three compromises made at the Constitutional Convention
Connecticut Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Commerce and Slave Compromise
What did federalists want? What did non federalists want?
power divided between state and national government, to keep the national government from taking power away from the states
Under the constitution who had the most power?
state and local governments
Name the three branches of national government
legislative, judicial, and executive
How would the three branches of national government check and balance each other
by having separate but equal powers
Why did many americans insist on a Bill of Rights
to control man’s sinful nature
Who was America’s first vice president
John Adams
Where was the nation’s first capital
New York City
How did George Washington conclude his oath of office
with the words so help me God and by placing his hand on the Bible
What is the President’s cabinet
the name given to the President’s advisors
What sparked the Whiskey Rebellion
angry corn farmers, who made whiskey, rebelled against an excise tax on whiskey
How did George Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion
he called out the militia
What is a Gold Standard
paper money and bank notes that are backed with silver and gold
the __________ ___________ settled the disputed boundary between Spanish West Florida and the United States
Pinckney Treaty
Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
Who was the first Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson
Who was the first Secretary of War
Henry Knox
Who was the first Attorney General
Edmund Randolf
Who was the first Postmaster General
Samuel Osgood
A _________ ______________ believes that the federal government is not limited to those powers expressly listed in the Constitution
Loose Constructionist
A _________ _______________ interpret the Construction just the way it was written
Strict Constructionists
Who chose the sight for Washington D.C
George Washington
Where is Washington D.C located
on the banks of the Potomac River in Maryland and Virginia
Name the architect President Washington commissioned to design the nation’s capital
Pierre L’ Enfant
Who finished designing the capital
Benjamin Banneker
Name the second President of the United States
John Adams
What was the Federalist Era
the first 12 years of the Constitutional republic when the Federalists held most of the power
How did Britain respond to the death of George Washington
The British fleet lowered its flag in respect for him
What did Henry Lee say about George Washington in his eulogy
First in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen
Name the third President of the United States
Thomas Jefferson
the first 10 amendments to the Constitution
Bill of Rights
A system which ensures that no power in government will become too powerful
Checks and Balances
Its first guarantee is freedom of religion
First Amendment
the branch that is to interpret laws
Judicial
Power divided between state and local governments through elected representatives
Federal Republic
Established coinage of gold, silver, and copper money
Mint Act
Settled New World boundaries with Spain
Pinckney Treaty
Set up a Federal Court System
Judiciary Act
Settled dispute with England over British Forts
Jay Treaty
Set a gold standard and regulated private banks
Bank of the United States
What early government proved to be too weak for our young nation
Articles of Confederation
The plan that proposed a legislature based on population as the ________
Virginia Plan
Slaves were to be counted for taxation and representation by the _________
Three-Fifths Compromise
What are tariffs
Taxes on imports
What city was our nation’s first capital
New York
The president’s advisers were also called his _______
Cabinet
The Whiskey Rebellion was a rebellion against _______
Taxes
Negotiated a treaty with Spain to settle New World border disputes
Thomas Pinckney
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who established the court’s authority to rule on the constitutionality of a law
John Marshall
His treaty removed British soldiers from American outposts
John Jay
Completed the plans of Washington, D.C., from memory
Benjamin Banneker
French architect who designed Washington, D.C
Pierre L’Enfant
First Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton
First Vice President
John Adams
Father of the Constitution
James Madison
First Secretary of War
Henry Knox
First Secretary of State
Thomas Jefferson
How long does a patent protect a inventors work
17 years
Who was the senior statesman at the Constitutional Convention
Benjamin Franklin
The what was also called the Great Compromise
Connecticut Compromise
Additions to the Constitution are called what
Amendments
Where was the Declaration of Independence signed
Philadelphia
Of the two houses, the ________________________ is based on population
House of Representatives
The three branches of government are the legislative, judicial, and the ___________
Executive
The term __________ means to approve a plan or proposed idea
Ratify
When French officials tried to bribe the American diplomats, it was dubbed the ___________ Affair
XYZ
The Federalists wanted a ___________ construction of the Constitution
Loose
What is another name for construction
Interpretation
