History Chapter 4/6 Flashcards
1
Q
During the colonial era what happened
A
During this time, America became a land of great variety
2
Q
What kind of people were the greatest amount of settlers
A
English
3
Q
What were the next largest groups of people
A
Scots-Irish and Germans
4
Q
What were the Scots-Irish
A
Scottish descent who had settled in Northern Ireland during the 17th century
5
Q
What churches did the Scots-Irish found everywhere they went
A
Presbyterian
6
Q
What other groups of people did America attract
A
French, Irish, Dutch, Welsh, Swiss, Swedes
7
Q
How many people would be living in America by the time America became an independent nation
A
2.5 million
8
Q
About _____ percent of this total were blacks of African descent, most of whom were slaves
A
19%
9
Q
What was the largest city in America
A
Philadelphia
10
Q
How many people lived in Philadelphia
A
25,000
11
Q
Boston and New York had about _______ inhabitants
A
20,000
12
Q
How many people did Charlestown have
A
10,000
13
Q
Along the fringes of settlement lived various tribes of ________ _________
A
American Indians
14
Q
The _________ _________ offered more religious freedom than anywhere in the world
A
American colonies
15
Q
What did normal church services include
A
singing, Bible reading, prayer, and a long sermon
16
Q
What was the official church in the southern colonies
A
the Anglican church
17
Q
People could live in the Southern colonies without going to the Anglican church but, they had to pay the church taxes
A
.
18
Q
What were French protestants called
A
Huguenots
19
Q
What family did the Huguenots include
A
family of Paul Revere
20
Q
The middle colonies had a great deal of _________ _________
A
religious diversity
21
Q
What religious groups did the middle colonies attract
A
Amish and Moravians
22
Q
What teachings did the Amish and Moravians follow
A
John Huss
23
Q
What people wrote the first classical music to be composed in America
A
Moravians
24
Q
Who was the great Moravian leader of this period
A
Count von Zinzendorf of Saxony
25
What city did the Moravians found
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
26
Where were most Baptists drawn to
Rhode Island
27
What churches were in the rest of New England
Puritan
28
Why did these churches become known as Congregational churches
because each local congregation had an important part in shaping the American character
29
The _______ played an important part in shaping the American character.
Bible
30
At least ____ percent of the colonists depended on farming
90
31
What is the name of a rough cloth used to made colonists clothing
homespun
32
What was the region least suited for agriculture
New England
33
What was New England's chief crop
corn
34
What is a nickname for the Middle colonies
bread colonies
35
What did the Middle colonies produce an abundance of
grain
36
In the southern colonies, how were most farms operated
family operated
37
What color dye did indigo produce
blue
38
For the growing of export crops the ______________ _____________ became prominent
Plantation System
39
__________ was an important crop, especially in Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina
Tobacco
40
Where were the coastal regions
South Carolina and Georgia
41
What is the nickname of the coastal regions
rice country
42
______ was the key crop in South Carolina and Georgia
indigo
43
What is another name for the tidewater regions
coastal regions
44
What crop was grown in the coastal regions
rice
45
_______ a popular industry throughout the colonies
Fishing
46
The colonies each had a great potential for _____________ and ______
manufacturing and trade
47
____________ developed a good lumber industry
New England
48
Traders traded with indians, exchanging blankets, ammunition, and various other goods for pelts and hides.
.
49
By the end of the colonial era, about ____ _____ of England's trading vessels were made in America
one-third
50
Whale bone and Whale oil were widely used for _______
lamps
51
______________ was also an important source of income along the entire colonial frontier.
Fur trading
52
__________ operated gristmills, where colonists could have grain ground into flour
Millers
53
Another name for the textile industry
the cloth industry
54
________ ________ shod horses and forged tools, farm implements, wagon parts, and other iron products
black smiths
55
________ ________ made harnesses, boots, and shoes
leather workers
56
What did the trader's trade for in africa
rum for slaves
57
Who was America's chief overseas customer
England
58
What did the traders trade in the west indies
slaves for molasses
59
Many in England felt that the colonies existed solely for the good of their Mother Country, an idea known as
mercantilism
60
Ships sailing from the New England colonies usually stopped at two distant ports before returning to New England, thus the route they followed became known as the _____________ _______ ________
Triangular Trade Route
61
Where were trader's first destination in the Triangular trade route
Africa
62
What were traders second destination in the Triangular trade route
west indies
63
Travel and Communication were _____ and ________
slow and difficult
64
A man was judged in the early days of the colonists on the basis of his ability to build a ____________ ______ in the wilderness
successful life
65
How were people judged in Europe
birth
66
______ in america was abundant and relatively inexpensive
land
67
What did the fireplace do
It served as an oven and a stove for cooking. In the evening it provided light, and on cold winter nights it provided warmth. Family activities often centered on the fireplace.
68
______ _______ were roads over which the mail was carried
post roads
69
How was life on the frontier
rugged. People were judged were by what they could accomplish
70
How are people judged in America
Wealth
71
Where was slavery most used
The South
72
What was the fort that Daniel Boone established in kentucky called
Boonesborough
73
What were the sparsely populated areas on the fringe of a settlement called
frontier
74
Who was one of the first to lead pioneers over the appalachian mountains.
Daniel Boone
75
What was the natural pass through the Appalachian mountains
Cumberland Gap
76
A school conducted by a widow or single lady, in New England, who agreed to teach in her home
dame school
77
What was the trail that Daniel Boone and the pioneers build called
wilderness road
78
What was the most widely used textbook in colonial America
New England Primer
79
What would children read after the Primer, in New England.
the Bible and/or the Pilgrim's Progress
80
Where were scattered settlements starting to appear
Kentucky and Tennessee
81
The ______ _________ ________ set a pace for education in america
New England Puritans
82
A paddle shaped board, used in New England, to which was attached a printed sheet containing the alphabet and usually the Lord's Prayer or a Scripture verse
hornbook
83
What were latin and grammar schools replaced by
private academies
84
Who founded the Philadelphia Academy
Benjamin Franklin
85
In the _________ ________ young children either studied at home or attended schools provided by churches
Middle Colonies
86
What were schools called that were built in an old tobacco field where the soil was to depleted to grow crops
Old field schools
87
___________ are boys placed under the authority and care of a master craftsman in order to learn and trade.
Apprentices
88
to prepare student for college, in the Middle colonies, they would attend private _____ and __________ schools
Latin and Grammar
89
What was the best known of the academies
Philadelphia Academy
89
why were they called latin and grammar schools
because instruction was from latin and greek books
90
In the _________ _________ there where few schools. Wealthy families hired private tutors to instruct their children and then sent them to England for their higher education
Southern Colonies
91
What was the first regularly published weekly newspaper in the colonies called
Boston News-Letter
92
How long did a boy usually serve as an apprentice
Seven years
93
By the time of America's independence the __________ were probably the most literate people in the world
Americans
94
In England about _________ of men could read and write
One-third
95
In America about __________ of the men could read and write
Two-thirds
96
What was the name of William Billings first music
The New England Psalm Singer
97
What schools did William Billings conduct
Singing schools
98
Who was the son of the first governor of Massachusetts
John Winthrop Jr.
99
Benjamin Franklin encourage the founding of _______ _________
Public libraries
100
Benjamin Franklin also shared bits of wisdom with the common people through his yearly publication of _________ __________ __________
Poor Richard's Almanac
101
What is Pewter
An alloy of tin
102
_______ ________ crafted much fine silverware
Paul Revere
103
Who was the first professional composer born in America
William Billings
104
In 1766, _________ _______ ______ ________ once again became prime minister of Great Britain
William Pitt the Elder
105
Special documents called _______ ____ __________ allowed British officers to search American ships and buildings for smuggled goods
Writs of Assistance
107
In 1766, _________ _______ ______ ________ once again became prime minister of Great Britain
William Pitt the Elder
108
Who is the Chancellor of the Exchequer
Secretary of the treasury
109
Who was the Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1725-1767
Charles Townshend
110
Unlike William Pitt Charles Townshend did not _________ with the colonies
Sympathize
111
Charles Townshend levied a series of taxes called the ___________ ______, on colonial imports from Britain
Townshend Acts
112
What system kept the colonies informed of the problems with England and let America's position be known to the world
Committee of Correspondence
113
What was the incident called in Boston when some British soldiers killed three Bostonians
Boston Massacre
114
Instead of the War for Independence being a violent revolution of unorganized rioters it would be a calm, deliberate, well organized action of free people
.
115
When Lord North became prime minister all the Townshend Acts were repealed except for the tax on ____
Tea
116
Why did the Parliament retain the tax on tea
To remind the colonists that Parliament had the power to tax the colonists
117
Who filled the newspapers with letters warning the colonists hat the peace with England was only temporary and that the real problems had not been solved
Samuel Adams
118
The _________ _____ canceled the American colonies western claims by extending the borders Quebec south to the Ohio River and west to the Mississippi, it also recognized Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec
Quebec Act
119
What did the patriots of the Boston Tea Party disguise as
Indians
120
How many tea chests did the colonists dump into the harbor
340
121
The __________ _____ made it legal for British officials to quarter British Soldiers in occupied buildings
Quartering Act
122
The ______ _____ _____ closed the port of Boston
Boston Port Bill
123
What did the colonists call the quartering act and the Boston port bill
Intolerable Acts
124
Where were the Patriots collecting ammunition outside of Boston
Concord
125
Who rode through the night to warn their countrymen that the British were coming
Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott
126
All of the colonists sent delegates to the first continental congress except ________
Georgia
127
What was the continental congress for
to discuss what action should be taken in the impending crisis
128
On March 28,1775, _________ _________ made a speech to the Virginia House of Burgesses in which he foretold the fast approaching conflict and spoke the sentiments of an ever growing number of Americans.
Patrick Henry
129
What were volunteer militia men called
minutemen
130
Why were minutemen called minutemen
because they had to be ready to protect there family and home in a minutes notice
131
Where was Fort Ticonderoga located
on the shores of Lake Champlain, Ticonderoga
132
What did Fort Ticonderoga guard
the main road between Canada and New York
133
Who was elected president of the continental congress
John Hancock
134
Why was the first shot of the Revolutionary War called A Shot Heard Around the World
because it would change the course of human history
135
How many British and Americans were killed in the first battle of the Revolutionary War
British=273
American=93
136
What did the sturdy pioneers from the green mountains that called themselves when they joined the patriot _______ ________
Green Mountain Boys, Ethan Allen
137
What stronghold did Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys turn their attention to
Fort Ticonderoga
138
Did Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys capture Fort Ticonderoga
yes
139
Did the British agree to the Olive Branch Petition
no
140
What were Hessians
Professional Prussian soldiers (From Germany)
141
What act did England issue that removed British protection from the colonies
Prohibitory Act
142
_________ _____________ was commander in chief at the time of the second continental congress
George Washington
143
Where was the Battle of Bunker Hill really fought
Breed's Hill
144
What was the first major battle of the revolutionary war called
Battle of Bunker Hill
145
Who won the battle of bunker hill
british
146
What petition asked the British the to come to reasonable terms and promising loyalty in return
Olive Branch Petition
147
Where did Americans inherit their love of liberty and tradition
A long history of English Tradition
148
__________ are people who remained loyal to the king and opposed the War for Independence.
Loyalists or Tories
149
Who Published the pamphlet called Common Sense
Thomas Paine
150
_________ _________ gave the colonists a detailed account of English liberties and the abuses of the monarchy and Parliament
Common Sense
151
___________ _________ ______ presented a momentous resolution to the continental congress
Richard Henry Lee
152
Led by ___________ ___________ that committee prepared the most important human statement of political principles in the history of the world
Thomas Jefferson
153
On July 4,1776, our nation adopted the ________________ ___ _________________
Declaration of Independence
154
where did Washington attack and defeated the British troops that came to capture him in Trenton
Princeton
155
_________ ____________ was imprisoned as a spy twice and the third time sentenced to death but he escaped to the patriot forces,
Haym Solomon
156
Where did Washington capture nearly 1,000 Hessians and a good stock of valuable supplies
Trenton
157
What two British officers would meet at Albany and try to divide New England from The Middle and Southern Colonies
General Howe and General John Burgoyne
158
When did Washington capture nearly 1,000 Hessians and a good stock of valuable supplies
Christmas night,1776
159
Why did the French enter a formal alliance with America
to avenge their earlier losses in the French and Indian War, but regardless their motives, they contributed greatly to the American victory over the British
159
Who did General Howe send to catch Washington at Trenton
General Cornwallis
160
Did Cornwallis catch Washington in Trenton
no
161
What did Burgoyne decide to capture during his march through upper New York
Philadelphia
162
What young schoolteacher from New York disguised as a Dutch schoolteacher and almost got through the British lines to deliver information about British soldiers to Washington but then got caught and hanged
Nathan Hale
163
Did Burgoyne capture Philadelphia
yes
164
What did Nathan Hale say to the British before he was hanged
I only regret that I have but only one life to lose for my country
165
Who did the British General Burgoyne surrender his army of 5,000 men to in Saratoga, New York
General Horatio Gates
166
The _________ ____ ____________ proved to be the turning point in America's War for independece
Battle of Saratoga
167
The news of the patriot victory persuaded the French, under the influence of ___________ __________, to enter into a formal alliance with America.
Benjamin Franklin
168
Where were the two battles Burgoyne fought two capture New York
Brandywine and Germantown
169
Who were the volunteers from Kentucky led by
George Rogers Clark
170
Who actions put the frontiersmen in a much safer position for the rest of the war
George Rogers Clark
171
Where did General Washington set up camp for the winter after Philadelphia was capture
Valley forge
172
What holiday did Washington and his men celebrate when the new supplies was delivered to Valley Forge
Thanksgiving
173
Why did the British troops leave Philadelphia
they were dicouraged
174
Where did the British troops go after they left Philadelphia
New York
175
What was the most important British warship Jones defeated
Serapis
176
Where did Washington confront the British on their way to New York
Monmouth, New Jersey
177
Private vessels commissioned by the congress or the state governments
Privateers
178
Who was the best known naval hero in America's War for Independence
John Paul Jones
179
What was the name of John Paul Jones' ship
Bonhomme Richard
180
What was the Bonhomme Richard named in honor of
Ben Franklin's Poor Richards Almanac
181
What was General Nathanael Greene's nickname
Fighting Quaker
182
What did Jones say when the captain of the Serapis suggested he surrender
I have not yet begun to fight
183
What was the name of the Mohawk chief that helped the British in the American War for Independence
Joseph Brant
184
What was Francis Marion's nick name
Swamp Fox
185
What was General Thomas Sumpter nickname
Fighting Game Cock
186
Who was America's secret agent
James Armistead
187
Where was the first and second continental congress
Philadelphia
188
By the Summer of 1781 the patriots had retaken most of the South except for port cities of __________, ____________, ______________
Savannah, Charlestown, and Wilmington
189
Who blocked the entrance to Chesapeake Bay preventing Cornwallis from receiving any sea help
Admiral de Grasse
190
Who kept Cornwallis from marching up the peninsula and capturing the old city of Williamsburg
Marquis de Lafayette
191
Where was the War for Independence won
Yorktown
192
What Treaty officially ended the war
Treaty of Paris
