History chapter 4 Flashcards
culture hearths
location where different cultures appeared around the world.
language families
groups of languages with similar characteristics
culture region
where a particular language is spoken
Nation
is a large group of people with the same history
ethnic groups
nations of the world
cultural diffusion
the spread of cultural traits from one culture to another.
third-culture kids
people who grow up in two or more countries.
autocracy
government where 1 person rules. like dictatorship.
dictatorship
can have more than 1 pearsone ruling, ussually by authority of military. most viewed negatively.
theocracy
authoritarian system of government in wich the clergy rule and claim their authority from God, allah or some other dignity.
oligarchy
small group of people holding ultimate authority common in undeveloped and developing countries. is a form of authoritarian government.
democrcy
used to describe elected government.
republics
where the people vote on representatives who vote on laws.
foreighn policy
principles that guide a governments international relations.
natural borders
such as oceans, mountains, rivers, or deserts to represent a nations borders. these are the best borders.
geometric borders
most unstable. straight artificial lines ussually following lines of latitude or longitude.
cultural boundaries
divide countrises based on religions such as when india was divided into Muslim and Hindu.
deplomacy
the art of negotiating agreements beetween nations.
capitalism
ecenomic system in wich private individuals own most of of the factors of production and make most of most economic decisions.
economics
the study of the process on how to develop, distribute its resources and goods, and services.
socalism
the government owns the major industries and promises to make production decisions for the welfare of society.
command economy
the government chooses wish industries are developed, where they are built, and what they produce.
communism
totalitarian form of government under wich the government own everything.
mixed economy
attempts to combine elements of capitalism and socialism.
highly developed countries
have advanced infrastructure, and industrialization, have higher per Capita standard of living.
newly industrialized countries
transitioned from primarily agircultural industries to goods producing industries.
developing countries
have a lower per Capita GDP, and their economies are primarily based on agirculture.
demography
the study of human populations and their caracteristics.
crude birthrates
the amount of children born per 1000 people.
crude death rate
how many people die each year pe 1000 people.
population distribution
term used to describe where people choose to live.
urbanization
the growth of urban areas at the expense of rural areas.
population density
average number of people who live on each square mile of land.
embargo
ban on trading
