History ch 28 Flashcards
What was a “muckraker”?
Muckrakers are bright young reporters that Roosevelt nicknamed.
Tarbell
wrote a History of Standard Oil Company
Why is it difficult to define who the Progressives were?
It was difficult because there was such a wide range of people who were called Progressives.
What political reforms did the Progressives want to make to help them accomplish their objectives of regaining political power for the people and rooting our graft from politics?
These ardent reforms pushed for direct primary elections Progressives also agitated for the referendum and the recall And the Australian ballot was put in place to counteract boss rule.
On what issues were women progressives most active? In what area were they most successful?
A crucial focus for women’s activism was the settlement house movement. In 1899 Kelley took control of the newly founded National Consumer League,
What was “Progressive” about the 17th Amendment?
The local legislatures, when choosing senators, found it politically wise to heed the voice of the people.
One of the reasons Progressives were successful is that they argued that Progressive reforms would help prevent socialist inroads in the US. Your text took up the question of why socialism didn’t take root in the US. What were its main observations?
The strikingly egalitarian manners of all Americans, the safety valve of the western frontier, the American workers’ remarkably high standard of living, and an accident of historical timing.
What was “Progressive” about the 18th Amendment?
Based on moral and religious grounds, these churches argued that prohibition would help eliminate political corruption, domestic violence, and prostitution, of which alcohol was seen as the major cause. : (“Constitutional Amendments – Amendment 18 – “the Beginning of Prohibition””)
How can the Progressive mood of the nation at this point be seen in the following cases and pieces of legislation?
Muller v. Oregon
Lochner v. New York
Elkins and Hepburn Acts
Muller v. Oregon: Because women needed time at home as well as working.
Lochner v. New York: Bakers should not live where they work so this ban was good.
Elkins and Hepburn Acts: Because railroads were needed during this time so they had to make exceptions to laws.
How did Theodore Roosevelt (TR)’s presidency contribute to the rise of Progressivism in America?
he made the Meat Inspection Act. He also wanted labor in factories and mines so he put federal troops in the mines.
What was advocated by the 3-C’s of Roosevelt’s reform program which he called the “Square Deal”?
It advocated for control of the corporations, consumer protection, and conservation of natural resources.
How did the excesses of private industry provide the rationale for government regulation of commerce and industry to the extent the Progressives desired?
Because of the excess of private industry, the industries like mining and factories began to dwindle.
Your text seems to say that TR’s reputation as “trustbuster” is overstated, if not undeserved. Why does it make that argument? Who should be seen as the greater trustbuster, in the authors’ opinion?
The author makes that argument because it says that Roosevelt never swung his trust-crushing stick with maximum force. In the author’s opinion William Howard Taft busted more trusts that TR did making him more deserving of the name.
What does the author suggest may have been TR’s most enduring achievement as President—even greater than the Panama Canal?
The author says that passing the Meat Inspection Act might have been more important than the Canal.
Your authors identify several other ways TR shaped policy and the nature of the Presidency—what are these ways?
Roosevelt wanted a better nation starting with people working and preservation.
What was Taft’s major obstacle to a successful Presidency and leadership of the Republican Party?
His major obstacle was very lethargic and had to live up to Roosevelt’s presidency.
What major monopoly (trust) was broken up in 1911—and which other one was challenged?
Standard Oil Company and challenged the U.S. Steel Corporation.
The Progressive Movement is described as a majority mood— how widespread was the movement?
very widespread
What policies did President Taft adopt that caused TR to run for the Presidency in 1912?
He adopted the Peaceful Bill, the dollar diplomacy, and dissolution of the Standard Oil Company.
Social gospel:
Progressivism based on Christian teachings
initiative:
voters could directly propose legislation on themselves, bypassing state legislatures
Referendum:
laws on ballot for approval of the people
Recall:
removing elected officials before their term is done
Australian ballot:
A system that allows voters privacy in marking their ballot choices.
