History and Systems Exam 4

Question 1

Who is usually credited as being the first to release asylum inmates from their bonds?

Answer 1

Philippe Pinel

Question 2

The consequence of conditional positive regard is what?

Answer 2

Child develops conditions of worth (love and praise that is withheld unless an individual conforms to parental or social standards) or child’s self is not allowed to develop fully

Question 3

What is isomorphism?

Answer 3

The doctrine that there is a correspondence between psychological or conscious experience and the underlying brain

Question 4

Who is considered the spiritual father of humanistic psychology?

Answer 4

Abraham Maslow

Question 5

Define catharsis.

Answer 5

A concept developed by Aristotle to treat emotional difficulties

Question 6

Neisser’s definition of cognitive uses what metaphor?

Answer 6

Everything a person might do

Question 7

How did Freud react to challenges to his theory?

Answer 7

He created a secret committee

Question 8

In Murray’s system, stories or interpretations projecting fantasy imagery onto an objective stimuli are called what?

Answer 8

TAT

Question 9

What is the collective unconscious?

Answer 9

Deepest level of the psyche containing inherited experiences of human and prehuman species

Question 10

What did Anna Freud do her pioneering work on?

Answer 10

Child psychoanalysis

Question 11

The majority of Maslow’s research would be characterized as what?

Answer 11

Self – actualization (characteristics shared by self-actualized persons)

Question 12

What old school of psychology infuses modern psychology?

Answer 12

Behaviorism

Question 13

The primary goal of psychoanalysis (as therapy) is?

Answer 13

Free association (Freudian slip), resistance, repression and dream analysis

Question 14

What did Köhler discover in his work with apes?

Answer 14

Their ability to devise and use simple tools and build simple structures (insight learning)

Question 15

What got Wertheimer interested in perception?

Answer 15

Phi phenomenon (At longer intervals, the lights appeared successively, and at shorter intervals they appeared to be on all the time); a psychological experience that is not reducible to its elements (must study holistically)

Question 16

The difference between psychic and somatic is? Which was dominant at the time of Freud?

Answer 16

Psychic – used emotional or psychological explanation for mental illness; Somatic – believed mental ileness was caused by some physical condition (lesions of the brain). Psychic

Question 17

T.O.T.E. stands for what?

Answer 17

Test – check plan Operate – make corrections Test – checking again Exit – completing the plan

Question 18

One thing that psychoanalysis and behaviorism share is what?

Answer 18

Both firmly opposed in definitions of problems and approaches to problems

Question 19

Who initiated the positive psychology movement?

Answer 19

Martin Seligman

Question 20

Why isn’t humanism more mainstream in psychology?

Answer 20

practitioners in private practice rather than academia, comparatively little research and few publications, no graduate training programs and ill-timed attacks on the psychoanalytic and behavioristic schools.

Question 21

Who was the Father of American Psychiatry?

Answer 21

Benjamin Rush

Question 22

According to Erich Fromm, many people cannot embrace their freedom because?

Answer 22

They cannot cope with many uncertain elements of freedom and choice

Question 23

Who suggested the concept of monads?

Answer 23

Gottfried Leibniz

Question 24

From where do Jungian archetypes derive?

Answer 24

Inherited tendencies within the collective unconscious; predispose people to behave similarly to ancestors confronted with similar situations

Question 25

Who was responsible for the iceberg analogy of the consciousness and unconsciousness often used to describe Freudian psychology?

Answer 25

Carl Jung

Question 26

What did the ego psychologists differ with Freud on?

Answer 26

They disagree with his emphasis on sex

Question 27

Why did Gestalt psychology fail to “take” in the US?

Answer 27

Because they did not have any graduate programs. Also they all end up at small schools = no graduate students to carry on the movement.

Question 28

Which original schools of thought have retained their identies within modern psychology?

Answer 28

Behavioral & psychoanalysis

Question 29

Which Gestaltist, who wasn’t Jewish, demanded reinstatement of his Jewish colleagues?

Answer 29

Wolfgang Kohler

Question 30

How did Anna Freud’s system of psychoanalysis differ from her fathers?

Answer 30

She moved away from instinctual drives toward a psychology of the ego

Question 31

Describe Erikson’s process of development.

Answer 31

More psychosocial, it is the social circumstances that are likely to have a large impact on “Trust Vs Mistrust” (is my caregiver giving me adequate care and love)

Question 32

Why is humanism sometimes referred to as the third force?

Answer 32

They wanted to take over psychology and discredit every other school

Question 33

Compare and contrast humanistic psychology with psychoanalytic psychology.

Answer 33

Psychoanalysis deals with the unconscious whereas humanistic psychology deals with persons of normal mental health that want to

Question 34

The basic human motivation in Roger’s system is ?

Answer 34

the development of an unconditional regard. (coming to a positive self-esteem)

Question 35

How do Erik Erikson’s views differ from Sigmund Freud’s views of personality?

Answer 35

Freud focuses on sex whereas Erikson focuses on crisis that the ego has.

Question 36

In Anna Freud’s system, what are defense mechanisms?

Answer 36

Specific unconscious structures that enable an individual to avoid awareness of anxiety arousing issues. (Behaving immaturely to avoid responsibility)

Question 37

What is the central idea of Karen Horney’s theory of personality development?

Answer 37

Basic anxiety, the belief that personality development is hinged greatly on the first relationship that we develop with our caregiver.

Question 38

What is object relations theory?

Answer 38

It is how the infant develops relationships with others (objects can be virtually anything, Melanie Klein says objects can be people)

Question 39

What was the effect of Dorothea Dix’s work?

Answer 39

She pioneered form of the prisons and psychiatric care throughout the Eastern United States

Question 40

What is Melanie Klein best known for?

Answer 40

Objects relations theory

Question 41

What does the word Gestalt mean?

Answer 41

German for “shape” or “form”, however, there is no exact translation for this word to English.

Question 42

Define artificial intelligence.

Answer 42

The study and design of intelligent machines and the study and creation of systems that perceive their environment and make decisions to maximize success

Question 43

Why did the Gestaltists oppose Wundt?

Answer 43

The Gestaltists wanted to be the only school in psychology so they attacked everyone. First Wundt and his introspection which broke down consciousness into its elements.

Question 44

What is the Turing test?

Answer 44

The ability to be able to determine if one is in fact talking to a human or a machine. Can the computer think?

Question 45

Roger’s clinical experience during the time he was developing his theory was with whom?

Answer 45

College students

Question 46

What was the real story about Anna O?

Answer 46

Her success had nothing to do with her time with Breuer.

Question 47

According to Köhler, what is insight learning?

Answer 47

A way of learning that involves looking at the big picture. At first one is confused, after walking away and looking at the problem as a whole the answer is revealed.

Question 48

For what key term is Adler known?

Answer 48

Inferiority complex (individual psych)