History and Systems Exam 2

Question 1

Psychology was established in what year at what university?

Answer 1

1879 at Leipzig

Question 2

What is systematic experimental introspection?

Answer 2

Subjects gave retrospective report of the cognitive processes experienced during the task (imageless thoughts)

Question 3

For Brentano, the primary research method was?

Answer 3

Act psychology – concerned with the acts of the mind rather than with the states of mind or the impact of stimuli upon consciousness

Question 4

Describe introspection.

Answer 4

Describing something based on its characteristics; a form of internal observation; observe one’s own consciousness experiences

Question 5

For Wundt, the subject matter of psychology was about what?

Answer 5

Experimental method

Question 6

What was Titchener’s most important publication?

Answer 6

A Primer of Psychology (basically the first 311 book)

Question 7

What was the significance of Ebbinghaus’s work?

Answer 7

Study of memory and forgetting; also developed the forgetting curve

Question 8

Wundt classified sensations according to what characteristics?

Answer 8

1. Intensity 2. Duration or 3. Sense modality

Question 9

Describe the process by which Wundt founded psychology

Answer 9

Started funding for a small lab in the Institute for Experimental Philosophical → started the 1st journal devoted to Psychology (psychological studies) people from around the world came to his lectures→ did psychophysics experiments → students returned to the US and started labs

Question 10

What was physiological psychology ala Wundt?

Answer 10

Used introspection (consciousness) and referred to his system as Voluntarism (minds ability to organize its contents into higher order thought processes) which is done through perception. Immediate experience – chromatic (blueness) on your visual receptors and mediate experience – interpretation of an experience (noting the sky is blue)

Question 11

What are the differences between Wundt and Titchener?

Answer 11

Wundt = Voluntarism (apperception or synthesis) and Titchner = Structuralism (focus on mental elements on the brain)

Question 12

What was the appropriate subject of study for psychology according to Titchener?

Answer 12

Structuralism – a system of psychology that focused on the composition of the mind, only on a normal human adult mind.

Question 13

10. From the perspective of Titchener, could a given introspection be interrupted?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

11. What happened to structuralism after Titchener’s death?

Answer 14

Gained prominence in the US for about 2 decades (by motivating movements) than ultimately overthrown by newer movements

Question 15

Who coined the phrase “survival of the fittest’?

Answer 15

Herbert Spencer

Question 16

WHo besides Darwin came up with a theory of evolution?

Answer 16

Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 17

Describe the major features of Darwinism?

Answer 17

Variability of species

Question 18

Who were the participants in the great Oxford evolution debate?

Answer 18

Thomas Huxley (Darwin’s “bulldog) debated Archbishop Wilberforce

Question 19

The fundamental purpose of creating nonsenses syllables is what?

Answer 19

To determine the effects of number of repetitions on retention (how many times it took to memorize these nonesence words)

Question 20

2. Which of the following researchers believed that the best way to measure intelligence was to measure reaction time, sensory acuity, physical energy, and head size?

Answer 20

Georg Elias Muller or Ebbinghaus (im not sure but i believe its Ebbinghaus)

Question 21

What are eugenics?

Answer 21

The improvement of the inherited qualities of the human race

Question 22

Galton argued that what proportion of eminence could be reliably attributed to environmental influences?

Answer 22

He believes that it is entirely nature (genetics not environment)

Question 23

What was Bretano’s version of psychology?

Answer 23

Act psychology – concerned with the acts of the mind rather than with the states of mind or the impact of stimuli upon consciousness. Empirical psychology – draws a line between physical and psychical phenomena; also denies any objective content for ideas.