History and Systems Exam 3

Question 1

. Early 20th-century research on the effects of child labor was conducted by which early psychologist?

Answer 1

Helen Woolley

Question 2

3. The first African American woman to receive a doctorate was?

Answer 2

Inez Prosser

Question 3

What is latent learning? Who suggested it?

Answer 3

Learning that cannot be observed at the time it occurred; Edward Toman

Question 4

Harry L. Hollingworth’s research demonstrated what?

Answer 4

Coke had too much caffeine in it, he set up studies to test the amount of caffeine; this demonstrated applied research

Question 5

Skinner claimed that the alleged freedom that Americans thought they possessed was merely a set of conditioned reactions called what?

Answer 5

Consumerism – the idea that people buy things they don’t need

Question 6

What was Woodworth’s view of psychology?

Answer 6

Classic Renaissance psychology man, primary driving idea is what motives us

Question 7

Jastrow was denied a job at Cornell in the 1880s after he completed his doctorate because?

Answer 7

The president doesn’t want to hire a Jew

Question 8

Who revised the Binet intelligence test into what is known as the Stanford-Binet test?

Answer 8

Lewis Madison Terman

Question 9

Carr’s contribution to psychology was what?

Answer 9

Promoted the shift from the exclusive study of consciousness towards objective overt behavior

Question 10

The founding of Functionalism is marked by the publication of?

Answer 10

The Reflex arc Concept in Psychology appeared in Psychological Bulletin

Question 11

What is Hull’s concept of motivation?

Answer 11

Drive reduction, a need that has to be filled

Question 12

Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for?

Answer 12

The digestive system

Question 13

What scientific explanation was given by most scientists during the 19th century to justify denying college admission to women?

Answer 13

It would damage their reproductive capacity (the Variability Hypothesis)

Question 14

Who developed the paired association test for testing memory?

Answer 14

Mary Calkins

Question 15

Who revealed that southern Whites are less intelligent than northern Blacks?

Answer 15

Horace Mann Bond

Question 16

For James, what is the stream of consciousness?

Answer 16

It is continuous and ever changing; each time we have a thought it will be different from the previous time we had the same thought due to intervening experiences → hence, the conscious mind cannot be studied with introspection

Question 17

Who is credited with the creation of the rat maze?

Answer 17

Willard Small

Question 18

What was the importance of the 1893 World’s Fair?

Answer 18

Psychology being publically announced among scientists

Question 19

A question about the film clip from 1932 (Pavlov).

Answer 19

Understand how the salivary (agusitory system) glad enzymes work that break down food. He used the metronome for his conditions

Question 20

According to Thorndike, what is a Learning curve?

Answer 20

Trial and accidently success followed by a regular pattern; represents the period of time it takes the organism to learn the response

Question 21

The 1937 Stanford-Binet IQ test was co-authored by whom?

Answer 21

Maud Merrill James

Question 22

Define internal locus of control.

Answer 22

I control the reinforcements in my own life

Question 23

Christine Ladd-Franklin developed a theory of?

Answer 23

Theory of color vision – off shoot of Helmholtz, 3 different receports in the back of the eye that determine color

Question 24

What did Tolman learn when he compared place learning to response learning?

Answer 24

For rats it was easier for them to learn place learning compared to response learning

Question 25

Who wrote The Animal Mind?

Answer 25

Margaret Washburn (1st comparative psychologist)

Question 26

Why did psychology embrace operationism?

Answer 26

Because they wanted to be science like how physics is and like how psychology should be.

Question 27

Münsterberg is often called?

Answer 27

Father of Industrial Psychology

Question 28

Terman’s study of gifted children led to what conclusion about gifted people?

Answer 28

The gifted were taller, healthier, physically better developed, superior in leadership and social adaptability, dispelling the often held contrary opinion; but doesn’t have evidence otherwise

Question 29

In Russia, who established the first psychological laboratory in 1886/1907?

Answer 29

Vladimir Bekhterev

Question 30

The hallmark of Woodworth’s psychology was what?

Answer 30

What motivates us; dynamic psychology – investigation of nature of the stimulus and the response

Question 31

The first industrial application of psychology was made by? In what?

Answer 31

Walter Scott in advertising

Question 32

Who was Frances Cecil Sumner?

Answer 32

First black guy to be awarded a PhD in Psychology, created a department of psychology

Question 33

Hall founded which psychology journal published in the United States?

Answer 33

The Journal of Psychology

Question 34

For Angell, functionalism was to study the adaptive utility of what?

Answer 34

The mind assists the organism in adjusting to its environment; improve the organism’s adaptive abilities

Question 35

What is the law of mass function?

Answer 35

The efficiency of learning is a function of the intact mass of the cortex – the more cortical tissue available the better

Question 36

The core concept of functionalism is?

Answer 36

Determining the components that made up the structure of consciousness

Question 37

Goddard’s most famous work was?

Answer 37

Kallikak Family study – a study in the heredity of feeble-mindedness

Question 38

How did Mary Cover Jones remove Peter’s fear?

Answer 38

Gave him candy

Question 39

What was Frederick Taylor’s ultimate goal?

Answer 39

Matching people to jobs, training people and fitting people to the job

Question 40

With what construct is Bandura now associated?

Answer 40

Self efficacy

Question 41

In what way did Kenneth B. Clark change the lives of children in the public school system?

Answer 41

Ended segregation (they did studies with black and white children to select which color baby they’d prefer and also had children draw a portrait, whites colored correctly blacks colored themselves lighter)

Question 42

What stimuli did Twitmyer use in his conditioning research?

Answer 42

Tone

Question 43

Witmer’s “clinical psychology” is today known as?

Answer 43

School of psychology

Question 44

Who is credited with writing the first multiple choice items

Answer 44

Arthur Otis

Question 45

Summarize the protest of functional psychology against Wundt and Titchener.

Answer 45

W and T focused on introspection and that’s something functional psychology didn’t agree with. Functional doesn’t agree with introspection

Question 46

After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, what did Watson do?

Answer 46

Became and advertising executive

Question 47

Define volition.

Answer 47

Deals with various movements including: reflexes, impulsion, instinctive, and ideational

Question 48

Mary calkins maintained that psychology was supposed to become the science of what?

Answer 48

Selves