History and Systems Exam 3 Flashcards
. Early 20th-century research on the effects of child labor was conducted by which early psychologist?
Helen Woolley
- The first African American woman to receive a doctorate was?
Inez Prosser
What is latent learning? Who suggested it?
Learning that cannot be observed at the time it occurred; Edward Toman
Harry L. Hollingworth’s research demonstrated what?
Coke had too much caffeine in it, he set up studies to test the amount of caffeine; this demonstrated applied research
Skinner claimed that the alleged freedom that Americans thought they possessed was merely a set of conditioned reactions called what?
Consumerism – the idea that people buy things they don’t need
What was Woodworth’s view of psychology?
Classic Renaissance psychology man, primary driving idea is what motives us
Jastrow was denied a job at Cornell in the 1880s after he completed his doctorate because?
The president doesn’t want to hire a Jew
Who revised the Binet intelligence test into what is known as the Stanford-Binet test?
Lewis Madison Terman
Carr’s contribution to psychology was what?
Promoted the shift from the exclusive study of consciousness towards objective overt behavior
The founding of Functionalism is marked by the publication of?
The Reflex arc Concept in Psychology appeared in Psychological Bulletin
What is Hull’s concept of motivation?
Drive reduction, a need that has to be filled
Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for?
The digestive system
What scientific explanation was given by most scientists during the 19th century to justify denying college admission to women?
It would damage their reproductive capacity (the Variability Hypothesis)
Who developed the paired association test for testing memory?
Mary Calkins
Who revealed that southern Whites are less intelligent than northern Blacks?
Horace Mann Bond
For James, what is the stream of consciousness?
It is continuous and ever changing; each time we have a thought it will be different from the previous time we had the same thought due to intervening experiences → hence, the conscious mind cannot be studied with introspection
Who is credited with the creation of the rat maze?
Willard Small
What was the importance of the 1893 World’s Fair?
Psychology being publically announced among scientists
A question about the film clip from 1932 (Pavlov).
Understand how the salivary (agusitory system) glad enzymes work that break down food. He used the metronome for his conditions
According to Thorndike, what is a Learning curve?
Trial and accidently success followed by a regular pattern; represents the period of time it takes the organism to learn the response
The 1937 Stanford-Binet IQ test was co-authored by whom?
Maud Merrill James
Define internal locus of control.
I control the reinforcements in my own life
Christine Ladd-Franklin developed a theory of?
Theory of color vision – off shoot of Helmholtz, 3 different receports in the back of the eye that determine color
What did Tolman learn when he compared place learning to response learning?
For rats it was easier for them to learn place learning compared to response learning
Who wrote The Animal Mind?
Margaret Washburn (1st comparative psychologist)
Why did psychology embrace operationism?
Because they wanted to be science like how physics is and like how psychology should be.
Münsterberg is often called?
Father of Industrial Psychology
Terman’s study of gifted children led to what conclusion about gifted people?
The gifted were taller, healthier, physically better developed, superior in leadership and social adaptability, dispelling the often held contrary opinion; but doesn’t have evidence otherwise
In Russia, who established the first psychological laboratory in 1886/1907?
Vladimir Bekhterev
The hallmark of Woodworth’s psychology was what?
What motivates us; dynamic psychology – investigation of nature of the stimulus and the response
The first industrial application of psychology was made by? In what?
Walter Scott in advertising
Who was Frances Cecil Sumner?
First black guy to be awarded a PhD in Psychology, created a department of psychology
Hall founded which psychology journal published in the United States?
The Journal of Psychology
For Angell, functionalism was to study the adaptive utility of what?
The mind assists the organism in adjusting to its environment; improve the organism’s adaptive abilities
What is the law of mass function?
The efficiency of learning is a function of the intact mass of the cortex – the more cortical tissue available the better
The core concept of functionalism is?
Determining the components that made up the structure of consciousness
Goddard’s most famous work was?
Kallikak Family study – a study in the heredity of feeble-mindedness
How did Mary Cover Jones remove Peter’s fear?
Gave him candy
What was Frederick Taylor’s ultimate goal?
Matching people to jobs, training people and fitting people to the job
With what construct is Bandura now associated?
Self efficacy
In what way did Kenneth B. Clark change the lives of children in the public school system?
Ended segregation (they did studies with black and white children to select which color baby they’d prefer and also had children draw a portrait, whites colored correctly blacks colored themselves lighter)
What stimuli did Twitmyer use in his conditioning research?
Tone
Witmer’s “clinical psychology” is today known as?
School of psychology
Who is credited with writing the first multiple choice items
Arthur Otis
Summarize the protest of functional psychology against Wundt and Titchener.
W and T focused on introspection and that’s something functional psychology didn’t agree with. Functional doesn’t agree with introspection
After his dismissal from Johns Hopkins, what did Watson do?
Became and advertising executive
Define volition.
Deals with various movements including: reflexes, impulsion, instinctive, and ideational
Mary calkins maintained that psychology was supposed to become the science of what?
Selves
