History And Systems Flashcards
What is memory
An expression of what you’ve learned
What is learning?
Process of acquiring info
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to form new memories
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of stored memories
Nativist
Inherited nature; fixed at birth
Empiricist
Experience (nurture); endless possibilities with experiences
Supporters of nativism
Plato and Descartes
Supporters of empiricism
Aristotle and Locke
Current approach to nature vs. nurture
Shaped by both
Rene Descartes
Dualism
Doubted everything
Cogito ergo sum
I think therefore I am
Aristotle
Associationism
Memory and reminiscence
Rules of associationism
Contiguity
Frequency
Similarity
Contiguity
Experiences near each other in time/space are joined together
Frequency
Experiences often repeated are connected more strongly
Similarity
Experiences similar to one another are connected
Father of Psych
William James
Memory as a network of association
William James
Primary memory
Short term (working)
Secondary memory
Long term
Studied memory in modern and scientific way
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Empirical
Actually collected data
Experimental
Manipulated IV to observe outcome on DV
Quantitative
Expressed observations numerically
Ebbinghaus
Studied himself
Developed the savings method
Exponential forgetting curve
Exponential forgetting curve
Rapid initial forgetting, but progressively less forgetting with time
Pavlov
Classical conditioning
Learning based of reflexes
Conditioning of a reflex of a behavior
Edward Thorndike
Operant conditioning (instrumental)
Cats in puzzle box
Law of Effect
Law of Effect
Behaviors with positive effects are repeated; behaviors with negative effects are not
Behaviorism
Focus on behavior Empiricism Evo perspective Quantitative Law of Effect
Behaviorists
Watson
Skinner
Hull
Cognitivism
Did not use response learning
Cognitivists
Tolman (cognitive map)
Place memory is dependent on
Hippocampus
Response memory is dependent on
Striatum
