Communications Between Neurons

Question 0

Neurotransmitter

Answer 0

Chemical that is released by a terminal button

Question 1

Synaptic transmission

Answer 1

Transmission of messages from one neuron to another through the synapse

Question 2

Dendritic spine

Answer 2

Small bud on the surface of a dendrite with which a terminal bouton of another neuron forms a synapse

Question 3

Synaptic cleft

Answer 3

Space between presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes

Question 4

Location on a receptor protein to which a ligand binds

Answer 4

Binding site

Question 5

Chemical that binds with the binding site of a receptor

Answer 5

Ligand

Question 6

Structures that contain molecules of a neurotransmitter

Answer 6

Synaptic vesicles

Question 7

Two mechanisms of transmitter binding

Answer 7

Ligand-gated ion channels

G-protein couples receptors

Question 8

Ion channel that opens when a molecule of a neurotransmitter binds with a postsynaptic receptor

Answer 8

Neurotransmitter dependent

Question 9

Receptor molecule in postsynaptic membrane of a synapse that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter

Answer 9

Postsynaptic receptor

Question 10

Receptor that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter and an ion channel

Answer 10

Ionotropic

Question 11

Alterations in the membrane potential of a postsynaptic neuron produced by release of neurotransmitter at the synapse

Answer 11

Postsynaptic potential

Question 12

Three methods known to terminate transmission

Answer 12

Diffusion
Cleaving
Reuptake

Question 13

Diffusion

Answer 13

Seeps out into extra cellular space

Question 14

Cleaving

Answer 14

Tears apart through enzyme activity

Question 15

Reuptake

Answer 15

Re-entry of transmitter back into the presynaptic neuron through activity of neurotransmitter transporters

Question 16

Destruction of a neurotransmitter by enzyme after it’s release

Answer 16

Enzymatic deactivation

Question 17

Hebb Rule

Answer 17

If a synapse repeatedly becomes active at about the same time that the postsynaptic neuron fires changes will take place in the structure or chemistry of the synapse that will strengthen it

Question 18

Commonalities between LTP and memory

Answer 18

A brief experience produces a lasting effect
Repeated stimulation makes more LTP
Drugs that block or enhance LTP typically have the same effect on memory
Conditions which impair memory also impair LTP

Question 19

Three different forms of glutamate receptors

Answer 19

NMDAR
AMPAR
Kinate

Question 20

Neurobiology of LTP

Answer 20

Transmission of glutamate from presynaptic terminal bouton to postsynaptic dendritic spine

Question 21

Basic sequence of events in the induction of LTP

Answer 21

Transmitter release
Binding to AMPAR
Postsynaptic depolarization
Increase in intracellular Ca+2 followed by structural changes

Question 22

Calcium flow into a cell is controlled by which receptor being activated?

Answer 22

NMDA

Question 23

NMDAR channel is blocked by

Answer 23

Mg ion

Question 24

Removing the Mg ion requires two events

Answer 24

Glutamate has to bind to the NMDAR

The membrane has to depolarize

Question 25

LTP long term potentiation

Answer 25

When two neurons fire at the same time repeatedly, synapses between them get stronger (fire together, wire together)

Question 26

LTD long term depression

Answer 26

When two neurons fire out of sync, synapse between them get weaker (out of sync, lose link)

Question 27

Two important types of neural plasticity

Answer 27

LTP
LTD

(Insertion of AMPAR)

Question 28

Neural plasticity is required for

Answer 28

Learning and memory

Question 29

NMDAR is important for

Answer 29

The induction of LTP but not expression

Question 30

NMDAR is needed for what kind of memory?

Answer 30

Long term