History and Philosophy of Science Flashcards
The Theory of Knowledge in philosophical inquiry.
Epistemology
Based on Truth, and we need the ability to interpret the result of science.
Nursing Practices
What are the 2 Philosophical Foundations of Nursing?
Rationalism and Empiricism
Importance of Priori Reasoning as the appropriate method for advancing knowledge.
Rationalism
Uses DEDUCTIVE REASONING, by reasoning from the cause to the effect.
Rationalism
Who labeled Rationalism as Theory-then-Research Strategy?
Reynold
Based on the central idea that scientific knowledge can be derived only from Sensory Experiences.
Empiricism
Uses INDUCTIVE METHOD, based on the idea that the collection of facts precedes attempts to formulate generalizations.
Empiricism
Who said that Scientific Truth was discovered through Generalizing Observed Facts in the natural world.
Bacon
(Philosophical Foundations of Nursing) Ex. Alteration in nutrition less than body requirement related to poor appetite secondary to mouth sores.
Empiricism
(Philosophical Foundations of Nursing) Ex. The lack of social support will result in hospital readmission. (Needs to be proven until true.)
Rationalism
Dominant View of modern science.
Positivism
Believed that Empirical Research and Logical Analysis were 2 approaches that would produce scientific knowledge
Logical Positivist
Theoretical Propositions must be tested through Observation and Experimentation.
Logical Empiricist
Affirms or Denies something.
Propositions
(Emergent Views) focuses on the Lived Experiences.
The Phenomenology of Social World
(Philosophy of Nursing) Involves Knowledge, Skills, Patient Trust and the Ability to Manage all elements simultaneously in the contact of care.
Philosophy of Caring
(Philosophy of Nursing) Wholistic nursing views the Biophysical, Psychological and Sociological subsystems which the Mind-Body exist.
Wholism
(Philosophy of Nursing) It has a Metaphysical Component that implies that the Natural world exists, there is no Non-natural or Supranatural Realm.
Naturalism
It is gained by one’s Senses guided by Reason and by various Methods of science.
Knowledge and Beliefs
