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CLEP INTRO PSYCH > HISTORY AND METHODS > Flashcards

HISTORY AND METHODS Flashcards

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0
Q

Wilhem Wundt

  • Who
  • What domain of psychology?
A
  • set up first psychology lab in Germany

- STRUCTURALIST

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1
Q

Psychology

A

Study of human behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Structuralists

  • What?
  • Who?
  • Why disfavored?
A

-focuses on the WHAT
Believe consciousness is made up of basic elements “structures”
-believes in introspection
-Edward Titchener
-subjective, couldn’t be used to study children and animals

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3
Q

INTROSPECTION

  • WHAT?
  • Domain?
A
  • reporting on one’s own conscious thoughts and feelings

- structuralist

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4
Q

FUNCTIONALIST

A

-focuses on HOW mental experiences/processes were adaptive or functional for people

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5
Q

WILLIAM JAMES

  • belief?
  • domain?
A
  • believed CONSCIOUSNESS and BEHAVIOR in general HELP people and animals ADJUST to their environment
  • functionalist
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6
Q

INFANT-CAREGIVER ATTACHMENT

  • example of structuralist
  • example of functionalist
A
  • STRUCTURALIST: examine feelings and behavior that arise in response to separation
  • FUNCTIONALIST: study how those attachment keep infant close to caregiver
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7
Q

Give 4 modern approaches to understanding human behavior

A

1) biological approach
2) psychodynamic approach
3) behaviorist approach
4) cognitive approach

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8
Q

BIOLOGICAL APPROACH

A

focuses on understanding PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES in how it affects behavior
-behavior reduced to workings of genes, neurotransmitter, hormones, nervous system, etc

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9
Q

PSYCHODYNAMIC APPROACH

A
  • behaviors stems from interaction of INNATE DRIVES and SOCIAL RESTRICTIONS
  • later, focus on attachment and interpersonal connection
  • reasons for much of BEHAVIOR are UNCONSCIOUS and ROOTED IN CHILDHOOD
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10
Q

BEHAVIORIST APPROACH

  • what?
  • studies conducted on?
  • two famous studies?
A

focus on LEARNED RESPONSES to predictable patterns of environmental stimuli

  • often study ANIMALS
  • PAVLOV’s study of classical conditioning and SKINNER’S study of operant conditioning
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11
Q

COGNITIVE APPROACH

A

focuses on problem solving, attention, expectations, memory and other THOUGHT PROCESSES
-anti-BEHAVIORISM

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12
Q

SIGMUND FREUD

  • what kind of approach used?
  • beliefs?
A
  • PSYCHODYNAMIC
  • most important urges are SEXUAL AND AGGRESSION
  • how we resolve conflict bet. urges and societal restrictions determine our personality
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13
Q

HUMANISTIC APPROACH

A
  • PEOPLE AREN’T MACHINES
  • people are MOTIVATED BY desire for OPTIMAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
  • people are UNIQUE
  • see people as basically GOOD
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14
Q

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

A

people’s desire for optimal growth and development

-MOTIVE to reach one’s full potential

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15
Q

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

A

“CAUSE”

- plotted in Y axis

16
Q

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

A

SUBJECTS EXPOSED TO INDEPEND. VARIABLE

17
Q

CONTROL GROUP

A

NOT exposed to independent variable

18
Q

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

A

“effect”

  • involves MEASURING HOW subjects behave
  • plotted in X axis
19
Q

Placebo effect

A

subjects behave differently because they know they are being exposed to special treatment

20
Q

placebo

A

pill contains inert substances rather than drug received

21
Q

BLIND STUDY

A

subjects don’t know if they are receiving the drug or the placebo

22
Q

DOUBLE-BLIND STUDY

A

both examiners and subjects DON’T KNOW who gets the drug or placebo

23
Q

What are the 5 methods in which behaviors can be researched?

A

1) experiments
2) correlational studies
3) surveys
4) case studies
5) naturalistic observation

24
Q

CORRELATIONAL STUDIES

A

assessing the RELATIONSHIP BET. 2 VARIABLES

25
Q

CORRELATION COEFFICIENT

A
  • measures the strength of relationship

- the HIGHER the ABSOLUTE VALUES, the STRONGER the relationship

26
Q

SURVEYS

A

participants FILL OUT QUESTIONNAIRES

27
Q

CASE STUDIES

A

in depth analysis of ONLY ONE person

28
Q

NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION

A

BEHAVIOR studied as it occurs in REAL-LIFE SETTING
-observers must be UNOBTRUSIVE
and have high agreement among

29
Q

inter-observer reliability

A

agreement among observers

CLEP INTRO PSYCH (6 decks)

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