History and famous microbiologists Flashcards
Antoine Leeuwenhoek
Invented microscope, discovered single cell organisms
Edward Jenner
Invented smallpox vaccine, using related cowpox inoculation
Louis Pasteur
Vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies
Rabies vaccine = dried and then emulsified spinal cord from infected animals
Developed Germ Theory
-Disease are caused by living microorganisms
Pasteurization - the heat killing of bacteria followed by sealing.
Endre Hőgyes
Improved the Rabies vaccine by using Diluted quantities of the virus from infected spinal cords of animals
Robert Koch
Isolated:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis“Koch Bacillus” the cause of TB
Bacillus anthracis, Anthrax
Vibrio cholerae, Cholera
Koch’s postulates for proving that a disease is caused by a microorganism
1) It (the organism) must always be found in the diseased animal but not found in healthy ones
2) It must be isolated from the diseased animal and grown in a pure culture away from the animal
3) A sample from this pure culture must reproduce the disease when reinoculated into susceptible animals
4) The organism should then be re-isolated from the infected animals
Alexander Fleming
Discovered Penicillin 1928, isolated from the fungus Penicillinum notatum
Ernst Boris Chain
Purified and Crystallized Penicillin in 1940
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the first treatment for syphillis.
Coined the term Chemotherapy, which originally meant the use of any chemical agent to treat any disease (ie. Antimicrobial chemotherapy)
Developed Gram Staining
Developed Salvarsan
Arsinic bound to a selective dye used to stain syphillis bacteria Treponema pallidum.
Gerhard Domagk
First to utilize drugs that are altered within the body by metabolism.
Developed Sulfanilamide, only active in vivo.
The basis of the Sulfonamide class of drugs
Selman Waksman
Coined the term Antibiotic
Developed Streptomycin from the soil streptomyces bacterium (an aminoglycoside type drug)
