History and Branches Of Psychology Flashcards
What was initially believed to have caused different personalities?
“The four humors” were thought to be the only possible personality types, and the causes were the chemical balance of these “humors” in blood. They were Sanguine, Choler, Melancholy, and Phlegm.
What are six branches of psychology?
Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism, Humanism, and Cognitive Psychology
What does Structuralism focus on, and who was is founded by?
It focus on introspection- patients must examine their thoughts. It conducted experiments on sensation, precipitation, and attention. Founded by William Wundt.
What is the criticism for Structuralism?
It’s too concerned with internal behavior which can’t be observed outwardly or accurately measured.
What does Functionalism focus on, and who influenced it?
It focuses on individual differences, and investigated the purposes of consciousness and behavior. It was influenced by William James and Charles Darwin
What is the criticism of Functionalism?
It’s not considered psychology by structuralists
What is the focus of Psychoanalysis, and who founded it?
It focuses on the unconscious mind, and concluded that many nervous problems aren’t physical, but due to mental conflicts. Founded by Sigmund Freud.
What are the criticisms for Psychoanalysis?
Method takes a very long time and is very costly.
What does Behaviorism focus on, and who founded it?
It states that behaviors can be learned, measured, and trained. All behavior is learned through interactions with an environment. Founded by John Watson
What are the criticisms for Behaviorism?
It doesn’t account for behaviors that are learned without punishments and rewards
What does Humanism focus on and believe, and who are some prominent humanists?
It focuses on an individual potential, free will, and self actualization. It believes that humans are intrinsically good, and societal and mental problems occur when an individual moves away from natural tendency.
What is the criticism of Humanism?
It’s hard to accurately measure when someone has achieved self-actualization
What does Cognitive Psychology focus on?
It focuses on how people acquire, process and store information.
What is the criticism for Cognitive Psychology?
It doesn’t account for how brain functions affect behavior.
Who is considered to be the founder of psychology, and what did he contribute?
Wilhelm Wundt. He established the first psychology lab in Germany in 1879. He wanted to record thoughts and sensations so he could understand the structure of my mind
