History And Approaches Flashcards
Structuralism
Early school of thought
- used introspection
- explore the structural elements of the human mind
EB Titchener
Functionalism
School of psychology
Focuses on now our mental and behavioral process function
How they allow us to adapt and survive
William James
(encouraged by evolutionist theory’s from Charles Darwin)
Experimental psychology
The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method
Behaviorism
The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior (without reference to mental processes)
(Arguable)
Humanistic psychology
Historically significant perspective
Emphasizes growth potential of healthy people and the individuals potential for individual growth
Cognitive neuroscience
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
Psychology
The science of behavior and mental processes
Nature-nurture issue
Longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture
Natural selection
The principal that a,one the range of inherited trait variations
Those that contribute to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Levels of analysis
The differing complementary views. Biological, psychological, socio-cultural, levels of analysis.
Biopsychosocial approach
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.
Biological psychology
A branch of psychology that studies the links between biological ( including neuroscience and behavior genetics and psychological processes)
Evolutionary psychology
The studios the roots behavior and mental processes using the principals of natural selection
Psychodynamic psychology
A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders
Behavioral
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and its explanation by principals of learning
Cognitive psychology
The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Social-cultural psychology
The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking
Psychometrics
Th scientific study of the measurement of human ability, attitudes, and traits
Basic research
Pure science that aims to increase the Scientific knowledge base
Developmental psychology
The scientific study of psychical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span
Educational psychology
The study of how psychological processes can affect and enhance teaching and learning
Personality psychology
Study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting
Social psychology
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to others
Applied research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Industrial-organizational psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Counseling psychology
Branch of psych that assists ppl with problems in living and achieving a greater wellbeing
Clinical psychology
A branch of psych that studies assesses and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine dealing with Psychological disorders
Practiced by physicians who often provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy.
Empiricism
View that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observations no experimentation.
John Locke
