History Flashcards
Thomas Willis
1600’s
Coined the term Neurology
First introduced the idea that brain damage could affect behavior
Cognition
the process of knowing
“thinking about thinking”
Neuroscience
the study of how the nervous system is organized
Franz Joseph Gall
Developed Phrenology –the idea that character could be defined through palpating the skull
Marie-Jean-Pierre Flourens
Developed Aggregate Field Theory – the whole brain participated in behavior
Paul Broca
Late 1800’s
Performed an autopsy on Tan (can understand but not speak)
Carl Wernicke
Late 1800’s
Reported on stroke victim who could not speak coherently
Fritsch and Hitzig
Demonstrated that electrically stimulating distinct parts of a dog brain can lead to characteristic movements
Korbinian Brodmann
Analyzed the cellular organization of the cortex and characterized 52 regions – cytoarchitectonics
Camillo Golgi
Developed a cell stain that stained neurons in their entirety.
Believed that the brain was a continuous mass of tissue that shares a common cytoplasm – syncytium
Ramon y Cajal
“father of modern neuroscience”
Using Golgi’s stain, he developed the neuron doctrine – the concept that the nervous system is made up of individual cells
Rationalism
All knowledge could be gained through the use of reason alone
Truth was intellectual not sensory
Empiricism
The idea that all knowledge comes from sensory experience, that the brain began life as a blank slate
Thorndike and Watson
Fathers of behaviorism
Believed the brain is a blank slate
Learning is key: rewarded behaviors will be “stamped into” the organism
Claimed he could turn a baby into anything
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Associationism – complex processes like memory could be analyzed
