History Flashcards
Why was the reformation set up?
The priests weren’t taught to read the bible, they were just taught cheap because the church didn’t want to spend money on them
No one could read the bible because it was in Latin and the church didn’t translate it
People only wanted to be priests for the money that they got
The monks were not properly educated
The church pretended to have sacred items and made people pay to see them
The church made people pay for their sins so that they would have a “definite place in Heaven”
What does reformation mean?
To change or reform religion-changing from Roman Catholic religion to the Protestant religion
Who led the Reformation?
Martin Luther
What was the Ninety Five Theses?
The list of arguments that Martin Luther wrote about the Roman Catholic Church
Who also supported the Reformation?
John Calvin
What is heresy?
A controversial opinion held by a member of a group, as in politics, philosophy or science
What is the counter reformation?
Stop people leaving the Roman Catholic Church, and win back the people who have left
What happened to people that were suspected of having Protestant beliefs?
They were questioned by a religious court of law
Many were tortured or burned at the stake if they refused to turn Catholic
What countries were Protestant?
Rest of Scotland England Norway Sweden Denmark Finland Bit of Ireland
What countries were Catholic?
Ireland Bit of Scotland France Spain Portugal Italy
What countries were Catholic and Protestant?
Poland
Hungary
What were the changes in the Protestant church?
New prayer book
Services in English
Priests allowed to marry
Decorations torn from churches
Who were Henry’s wives?
Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn Jane Seymour Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr
Who were Henry’s children?
Mary Tudor (Catherine of Aragon)
Elizabeth (Anne Boleyn)
Edward (Jane Seymour)
Edward, Mary, Elizabeth
Who were Mary Queen of Scots’ husbands?
Francis(she was 15)
Lord Darnley(1565)
Earl of Bothwell(1567)
Why and how was Rizzio murdered?
Darnley thought Mary was having an affair with Rizzio
Darnley, George Douglas and Lord Ruthven dragged Rizzio away and stabbed him 56 times
What were Elizabeth’s problems with Mary Queen of Scots?
If Mary lived in England, English Catholics might be tempered to make her queen and rebel against Elizabeth
She could not refuse her cousin a place to stay
The French recognised Mary as Queen of England. Catholics did not recognise Henry’s second marriage and subsequent children as legitimate
Because Elizabeth was unmarried with no children, Mary was her heir
Why couldn’t Elizabeth get rid of Mary?
If she sent her back to France, catholic powers there might try to invade England in an attempt to make Mary Queen
The easy way out would have been to execute Mary but she hadn’t committed any crimes in England
What were the plots against Elizabeth?
1571 Ridolfi Plot
1572 Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
1584 William of Orange Assassination
What was the Ridolfi plot against Elizabeth?
Ridolfi, an Italian, planned to marry Mary to the Duke of Norfolk and replace Elizabeth with Mary, as Queen.
Ridolfi was executed
What was the Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?
This happened in France and was begun by the Guises, Mary’s French relatives
What was the William of Orange Assassination?
William got assassinated. This frightened the English Government who wanted Mary to be executed
Why were England and Spain rivals?
Spain was Catholic and England was Protestant
Elizabeth refused Philip’s proposal
Elizabeth helped Spain’s enemies in the Netherlands
What were the causes of the Armada?
Philip got rejected by Elizabeth
Religious differences
English sailors stealing form Spanish treasure ships
Mary Queen of Scots’ execution
Francis Drake ruined their ships
Both wanted to claim the new world of America
