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January Exams Yr9 > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

0
Q

What is enlargement?

A

When more countries join the EU

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1
Q

What is the EU?

A

A group of 28 countries that come together to make cooperation easier. Goods and people can travel within its borders

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2
Q

What are the dates of the EU enlargement?

A 
1957
1973
1981
1986
1995
2004
2007
2013
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3
Q

What are the stages of the water cycle?

A 
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Surface runoff
Transpiration 
Groundwater
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4
Q

What is evaporation?

A

The process where water changes from a liquid to a vapour

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5
Q

What is condensation?

A

The process by which cooling vapour turns into a liquid

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6
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Water that falls on the Earth surface, e.g. Rain, hail, snow

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7
Q

What is surface runoff?

A

The movement of water over the land, possibly a river

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8
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Plants giving off water vapour from their leaves

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9
Q

What is groundwater?

A

Water that has sunk through the soil into the rocks below

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10
Q

What does eurosceptic mean?

A

Some are concerned that the EU will become a “United States of Europe”

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11
Q

What is a drainage basin?

A

The area drained by a river and it’s tributaries

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12
Q

What is the source?

A

The start of the river

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13
Q

What is the tributary?

A

A small stream that joins a larger river

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14
Q

What is the confluence?

A

The point where two rivers meet

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15
Q

What is the mouth?

A

Where the river joins the sea

16
Q

What is the meander?

A

A sweep out bend in the river

17
Q

What is the watershed?

A

The boundary between two drainage basins marked by a ridge of high land

18
Q

What are the four processes of erosion?

A

Hydraulic Action
Abrasion
Attrition
Corrosion

20
Q

What is hydraulic action?

A

Involves the force of water against the bed and banks

21
Q

What is abrasion?

A

The bed and banks are worn down by the river’s load. The river throws these particles against the bed and banks, sometimes at high velocity

22
Q

What is attrition?

A

Material(the load) carried by the river bump into each other and so are smoothed and broken down into smaller particles

23
Q

What are the four processes of transportation?

A

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

24
Q

What is corrosion?

A

The chemical action of river water. The acids in the water slowly dissolve the bed and the banks

26
Q

What is traction?

A

Boulders and pebbles are rolled along the river bed at times of high discharge, e.g. A flood

27
Q

What is saltation?

A

Sand sized particles are bounced along the river bed by the flow of the water

28
Q

What is deposition?

A

The material a river carries is called its load
When it reaches flatter land, the river slows down. It no longer has the energy to carry its load, so it deposits it. The deposited material is called sediment. The river deposits heavier stones first

29
Q

What is the outside of a meander like?

A

Steep because water erodes the outside by using hydraulic action and abrasion
Has the fastest flow
Uses lots of energy to create a river cliff

30
Q

What is the inside of a meander like?

A

Gentle because there is a slower flow which creates less energy
The deposition creates a slip off slope(beach)
Makes the river shallow

31
Q

What are the causes of floods?

A

Heavy rain
Ice or snow melting
Flash floods

32
Q

What factors increase the risk of flooding?

A 
Impermeable rock
Hard, dry soil
Very wet soil
Steep slope
Cutting down trees
Building in the drainage basin
33
Q

What are the impacts of flooding?

A

Animals are drowned or stranded resulting in a loss of money for farmers
Mental trauma
Property flooded and destroyed
Silt/aluminium material is deposited and makes the ground fertile
Electric cut off
Deaths and injury
Water becomes polluted

34
Q

What is suspension?

A

Fine clay and sand particles are carried along within the water, even at low discharges, e.g. A small stream

35
Q

What is solution?

A

Some minerals dissolve in water such as calcium carbonate. This requires very little energy

January Exams Yr9 (10 decks)

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