History 3.1 Reading 1-4 Flashcards
By the 1700s, the British had a long tradition of ________.
representative government
In 1215, King John of England signed the _______ In this agreement, the king promised to share power with the _______, or ruling classes. The —— placed limits on the power of a ruler.
Magna Carta, English nobility
________ and ____________ were written with the idea that a government’s authority to rule is based upon a contract between that government and the people to be ruled.
Mayflower Compact, Magna Carta
The Mayflower Compact and Magna Carta also stated that rulers must obey ____________ in the same ___________ as the people they rule do.
the law, manner
The Magna carta impacted an important American document the ____________
US constitution
Magna Carta guarantees people the right to _________ and _________. Another idea is that taxes were only lawful if ___________.
justice, fair trial, the people agreed to them
What important rights does the Magna Carta give to the people in the colonial days?
- Limited king’s power and made him share power with English nobility
- A government’s authority to rule is contracted between it and it’s people
- rulers must obey law the same way their people do
- Guarantees people to justice and free trial
- Taxes were only lawful if people agreed to them
___________ grew in Great Britain during the colonial period.
representative government
Parliament, the_________, became the most powerful branch of the British’s government.
British law making body
In 1689, Parliament passed the __________ which further limited the powers of the British monarch
English Bill of Rights
____________ granted the people of England the right to ______ the king. Also guaranteed free ___________ for the members of the __________
English Bill of Rights, petition, elections, Parliament
The colonists also noticed that Native Americas used ________.
democratic ideas
The ________ included a separation of powers among its leadership. The ——- brought different groups of Native American nations ________. Inspired the ________ to come together as a confederation rather than remain as separate colonies.
Iroquois Confederacy, together, colonists
The American colonies were owned by ________. They were formally under the control of _________ and the king.
Great Britain, Parliament
The colonies could not select _________ to serve their interests in Parliament.
representatives
Royal governors could ________, __________, and ___________
veto decisions of the local governments
disband local governments
appoint government officials like tax collectors and judges
The British government also sent troops to the colonies. The troops protected __________. They ensured that the American colonists could send __________ back to Great Britain
Britain’s land claims, valuable materials
In spite of these controls, Great Britain did not ________
govern its colonies very closely
Because of ___________ laws that were passed for the colonies were difficult to ________. As long as Britain ____________, it mostly left the colonists to make their own decisions.
lack of communication, enforce, profited from colonial trade
Self sufficient people like farmers and merchants valued their __________. They believed in _________, representative government, and rule of law. Believed in _________ which is the idea that citizens and leaders should be dedicated to the welfare of all above their own individual interests.
freedom, individual rights, civic virtue.
As a result of these beliefs, there were elements of ________present in colonial governments. Some colonies set up r____________
representative assemblies
Over time, many colonists came to believe that their __________ representatives were more likely to embody civic virtue than officials in London.
locally elected
Town meetings are examples of _________. In this type of government, the people, rather than elected representatives, are directly involved in making policy decisions.
direct democracy
A religious movement spread throughout the colonies from around 1730 to the 1770s. This movement was later called the___________.
Great Awakening
The Great Awakening encouraged ____________ rather than established church traditions.
individual religious experience
They were concerned that the Great Awakening was encouraging colonists to question traditional sources of authority, such as the _________.
Church of England
The spirit of the Great Awakening later contributed to the colonists’ demand for __________.
independence
Mercantilism was centered on three ideas:
earns profits by selling more goods than it buys.
wealth is determined by how much gold and silver it owns.
government should enforce policies that help a country get money and sell goods to other countries.
The countries of Europe competed with one another for _________ So, Britain enacted a set of laws called the ________
profits and wealth, Navigation Acts
What were the two purposes of the Navigation Acts?
kept Britain’s colonies from trading directly with other European nations.
all shipments to or from the colonies had to be in British-owned ships.
Why did they keep Britain’s colonies from trading with other European nations?
Britain was competing with them for wealth; colonies role was to help the British
All colonial trade had to go through ________
England
According to the Navigation Acts, shippers and merchants were now required to pay ________ on every sale.
special taxes
During the colonial period, a profitable triangular trade pattern developed. The trade was between __________, the __________, and ________
New England in American colonies, west indies, africa
Under the Navigation Acts, all the ships involved in this exchange had to be _______
british
However, the Navigation Acts were very difficult to ________. ________ was common. ——- enabled American merchants to avoid paying import duties.
enforce, smuggling
By 1750, _______ held even more territory in North America than Great Britain.
France
France occupied much of the land to the ____________ of Britain’s 13 colonies. The French had developed a valuable __________. They enjoyed ________ relations with the Native Americans who lived throughout the area.
west and north, fur trade, peaceful
Britain and France competed to extend their colonial holdings to the ________ and _________. This area was important. The ——— offered a route all the way to the ___________.
Ohio River Valley, throughout the great lakes, Gulf of Mexico
To increase control of the region, the French _______ English settlers. Then, they forcibly _______ them from the area. They also began_______ throughout the valley
attacked, evicted, building forts
___________ warned French colonists to stay clear of British-claimed territory. The French refused. ———– returned from his mission with the news. So, the British __________
Washington, sent soldiers
During the war, ___________ emerged as a respected military leader.
George Washington
This conflict, which started in the Ohio River Valley, became a _________ In Europe, the war is known as the ________
global conflict, seven years war
They found themselves drawn into the war. Although their loyalties were divided, most Native Americans sided with _________.
France
__________ had developed friendly relations with Native Americans. Which made the natives side with them
French fur traders
The _____________ were interested in establishing large, permanent settlements in America. The _________ were not as interested in permanent settlements.
British, French
Two factors pushed most of the six Iroquois nations to fight alongside the British. First of all, the Iroquois had long been enemies of the________ and the ______. The —- and ——– were closely allied with the French. Second, the Iroquois had a history of _____________
Algonquin, Huron, poor relations with French
