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Bacte Lec > History > Flashcards

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1
Q

is a branch of Science which deals with propagation,
isolation and identification of microorganisms.

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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2
Q

it is the science of living organisms that are not directly
visible to naked eye but only under the microscope.

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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3
Q

term microbiology was introduced by?

A

Louis Pasteur

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4
Q

may be beneficial or harmful to human beings

A

microorganisms

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4
Q

demonstrated that fermentation was caused by the growth of bacteria and yeast

A

Louis Pasteur

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5
Q

Cannot be seeeen by naked eyes, they are only seen under the microscope

A

microorganisms

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6
Q

Father of microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

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7
Q

present everywhere on earth, including human beings, animals, plants, soil, water, food, and atmosphere

A

microorganisms

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8
Q

Also known as discovery era

A

spontaneous generation

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9
Q

believed that living organism could develop from non-living materials

A

aristotle

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10
Q

described that diseease caused by a minute “seed” or “germ”

A

Rogen Bacon

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11
Q

Descriptions of protozoa, basic types of bacteria, yeasts, and algae

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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12
Q

Father of Bacteriology and protozoology

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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13
Q

In 1676, he observed and described microorganisms such as bacteria and protozoa as animacules

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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14
Q

According to Anton, bacteria and protozoa is described as

A

Animacules

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15
Q

In 1878, the term microbe is used by ?

A

Sedillot

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16
Q

People on Discovery Era

A

Aristotle
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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17
Q

People in Transition Era

A

Francesco Redi
John Needham
Lazzaro Spallanzai

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18
Q

He showed that maggots would not arise from decaying meat, when it is covered

A

Francesco Redi

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19
Q

Supporter of the spontaneous generation theory

A

John Needham

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20
Q

He proposed that tiny organisms (animacules) arose spontaneously on the mutton gravy

A

John Needham

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21
Q

He covered the flasks with cork as done by Redi, Stiill microbes appeared on mutton broth

A

John Needham

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22
Q

He demonstrated that aiir carried germs to the culture medium

A

Lazzaro Spallanzai

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23
Q

He showed that boiled broth would not give rise to microscopic forms of life

A

Lazzaro Spallanzai

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24
Q

People in Golden Era

A

Louis Pasteur
John Tynndall
Lord Joseph Lister
Robert Koch
Fanne Eilshemius Hesse
Richard Petri
Edward Jenner
Alexander Flemming
Paul Elrich

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25
Q

Father of Medical Microbiology

A

Louis Pasteur

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26
Q

He pointed that no growth took place in swan neck shaped tubes because dust and germs had been trapped on the walls of the curved necks but if the necks were broken off so that dust fell direectly down into the flash, miicrobial growth commenced immediately

A
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27
Q

Suggested that mild heating at 62.8C (145F) for 30 minutes rather than boiling was enough to destroy the undesirable organisms without ruining the taste of the product, the process was called Pasteurizaion

A

Louis Pasteur

28
Q

The process of mild heating at 62.8C (145F) for 30 minutes rather than boiling

A

Pasteurizaion

29
Q

IInvented the processes of pasteurization, fermenntation

A

Louis Pasteur

30
Q

Develop effective vaccines (rabies and anthrax)

A

Louis Pasteur

31
Q

Demonstrated diseases of silkworm was due to a protozoan parasite

A

Louis Pasteur

32
Q

Coined the term microbiology, aerobic, anaerobic

A

Louis Pasteur

33
Q

Disproved the theory of spontaneous germination

A

Louis Pasteur

34
Q

Demonstrated that anthrax was caused by bcateria and also produced the vaccine for the disease

A

Louis Pasteur

35
Q

develop lived attenuated vaccine for the disease

A

Louis Pasteur

36
Q

Discovered highly resistant bacterial structure, later known as endospore

A

John Tyndall

37
Q

Highly resistant bacterial structure

38
Q

Prolonged boiling or intemittent heating was necessary to kill these spores, to make the infusion completely sterilized, a process known as?

A

Tyndallisation

39
Q

Invented Tyndallisation

A

John Tyndall

40
Q

Father of antiseptic surgery

A

Lord Joseph Lister

41
Q

concluded that wound infections were due to microorganisms

A

Lord Joseph Lister

42
Q

Devised a method to destroy microorganisms in the operation theatre by spraing a fine mist of carbolic acid into the air

A

Lord Joseph Lister

43
Q

Demonstrated the role of bacteria in causing disease

A

Robert Koch

44
Q

He perfected the technique of isolating bacteria in pure culture

A

Robert Koch

45
Q

Used gelatin to prepare solid media but it was not ideal

A

Robert Koch

46
Q

Why gelatin is not ideal?

A

Gelatin is a protein, it is digested by many bacteria capable of producing a PROTEOLYTIC EXOENZYME GELATINASE that hydrolyses the protein to amino acids
It melts when the temperature rises above 25C

47
Q

First proposed the use of agar in culture media

A

Fanne Eilshemius Hesse

48
Q

Koch assistant

A

Fanne Eilshemius Hesse

49
Q

Said that agar is not attacked by most bacteria

A

Fanne Eilshemius Hesse

50
Q

Agar is better than gelatin because of its melting point at (?) and solidifying points at (?)

51
Q

He developed the petri dish (plate), a container used for solid culture media

A

Richard Petri

52
Q

First to prevent small pox

A

Edward Jenner

53
Q

He discovered the technique of vaccination

A

Edward Jenner

54
Q

He discovered the penicillin from penicillium notatum that destroy several pathogenic bacteria

A

Alexander Flemming

55
Q

Penicillin is derived from?

A

Penicillium notatum

56
Q

He discovered the treatment of syphilis by using arsenic

A

Paul Elrich

57
Q

Treatment for syphilis through the use of?

58
Q

He studied toxins and antitoxins in quantitative terms and laid foundation of biologiical standardization

A

Paul Elrich

59
Q

Modern Era 1901
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Von behring
Dipth antitox

60
Q

Modern Era 1902
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Ronald Ross
Malaria

61
Q

Modern Era 1905
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Robert Koch
Tb

62
Q

Modern Era 1908
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Metchnikoff
Phagocytosis

63
Q

Modern Era 1945
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Flemming
Penicillin

64
Q

Modern Era 1962
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Watson, Crick
DNA structure

65
Q

Modern Era 1968
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Holley, Khorana
Genetic Code

66
Q

Modern Era 1997
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Pruisner
Prions

67
Q

Modern Era 2002
Nobel Laurates and Contribution

A

Brenner, Hervitz
Genetic regulation of organ development and cell death

Bacte Lec (4 decks)

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