History

Question 1

René Descartes (1596-1650)

Answer 1

Suggested mind and body are independent from each other.
Known as CARTESIAN DUALISM.
“I think therefore I am”
Suggested mind could be studied in its own right.

Question 2

John Locke (1632-1704)

Answer 2

EMPIRICISM idea that all experience can be obtained through senses.
Forms basis of behaviourist approach that work can be understood by investigating external events

Question 3

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

Answer 3

Individuals with more adaptive genes survive to reproduce
“Survival of the fittest”
Human behaviours such as social behaviour have persisted due to their adaptive value.
Deeply rooted in biological approache

Question 4

17th-19th century

Answer 4

Psychology recognised as a branch of experimental philosophy

Question 5

1879

Answer 5

Wilhelm Wundt opens 1st experimental psychology lab, it emerges as a discipline in its own right

Question 6

1900s

Answer 6

Sigmund Freud publishes ‘the interpretation of dreams’ and the psychodynamic approach is developed.
Emphasises the influence of unconscious mind on behaviour.
Developed psychoanalysis therapy - argued physical issues could be explained in terms of mind conflict

Question 7

1913

Answer 7

John B Watson writes ‘psychology as the behaviourist’ and establishes the behaviourist approach
Behaviourist and psychodynamic approach dominate for the next 50yrs

Question 8

1950s

Answer 8

Carl Rogers + Abraham Maslow develop humanistic approach rejecting views favoured by behaviourism and psychodynamic approach that human behaviour is undetermined.
Humanistic views emphasise self determination and free will

Question 9

1960s

Answer 9

Cognitive revolution resulted from development of computer, as it gave a metaphor for the functions of human mind.
Reintroduces study of mental processes in a more scientific way than Wundt

Question 10

1960s (Albert Bandura)

Answer 10

He proposed the social learning theory.
Draws attention to role of cognitive behaviours in learning.
This bridged behaviourism and cognitive approaches

Question 11

1980s onwards

Answer 11

Biological approaches establishes as the dominant perspective.
Because advances in technology increased understanding of brain and biological processes

Question 12

Eve of 21st century

Answer 12

Cognitive neuroscience emerges as a discipline.
Brings together cognitive and biological approaches.
Built on earlier computer models, investigates how biological structures influence mental states