History Flashcards
What is pals battalion?
when men join the army because their friends, football team, neighbours etc, are joining
what were the three types of soldiers?
volunteer, professional and conscripted (forced)
what shape were the trenches?
the trenches were a zig-zag shape so if a bomb exploded the whole thing wouldn’t be destroyed, and if someone was chasing you with a gun, the couldn’t shoot you because you were round a corner
what were the order of the trenches?
Front line, support, supplies, Lieutenant/command and medical
what are some features in a trench?
sand bags, ammunition shelf, duckboards and a dugout
when did the war start
1914
what was the army made up of in 1914
professionals
what soldiers in 1915 - 1916
a mix of volunteers and professionals because lots of pros had died
what happened after 1916
people stopped volunteering because they were told that war was fun, but then they found out the true horrors
what were German trenches like
very deep, concrete sides and floor, proper beds, sometimes electricity and running water because they always stayed in on place
what were English trenches like
not very deep, extremely muddy and cold, beds were made up of metal mesh on a wooden frame, this was because they kept moving forward
what was being in a trench like?
it was quite boring because they went on for hundreds of miles, so most of the time you were just wating for the Germans to attack.
what were the knifes at the end of a rifle called
they were called bayonets, and they were serrated
what was the battle of Somme
the battle of Somme was a diversion battle, where the Germans were moving forward towards France, but the Verdov was there as a diversion, so the Germans headed east where the british were ready to attack
how many people died in the battle of somme
20,000
how many people were injured in the battle of Somme
60,000
what is the big push
on the 1st July at 7:30, 100,000 British soldiers were sent to attack the Germans
what is trench foot
trench foot is when your foot gets so cold the blood stops flowing into it
how far did the German trenches go down
30-40 metres
who was the franco-Prussia war against
France and Prussia
what is Prussia
one of the states in the group of states that later formed germany
What is the north federation
The states that Prussia controlled
how did the telegram cause the franco-Prussia war
King Wilhelm had sent the original telegram, but Bismarck had changed it to insult the French
When was Germany created
1871
What is the naval arms race
The naval arms race where Britain and Germany raced to build more ships than each other
What is two power standard
This is where if Germany builds one ship, Britain will build two, so then if Germany builds another ship, Britain will build two more.
What countries were in the Triple Allience
Germany, Italy and Austro-Hungary
when was the triple alliance created
1882
why was the triple alliance created
Germany created the triple alliance because it was afraid that France was going to attack.
What is collective security
Collective security is where a group of countries promise to protect each other if they get attacked
what are two reasons empires make enimies
- you are going to be hated by other countries because they want an empire as big as yours
- countries are going to hate you because you are going to try and take over them
what is the main reason Britain had the biggest empire
they had the biggest navy
How did Britain sail safely without getting their supplies stolen
they surrounded the merchant ships with war ships that shot anyone who tried to attack them
Why did Russia want to expand their empire
so their ports wouldn’t freeze and so they had access to the Mediterranean sea
When was the dreadnought created
1906
What is the dreadnought
Britain’s warship
What countries are in the triple entente
Britain, France and Russia
when was the Triple entente created
1907
why was the triple entente created
Because they were scared of being attacked by Prussia, who was trying to grow their empire, and so France could get back at Prussia for the franco-Prussian war
How long did it take Germany to build an empire
44 years
how big was Germany’s empire
3rd biggest in the world
What is the GPS in first order concepts?
Geographical, political, society
What is the CREM in first order concepts
cultural, religion, economics, military
What are the 3 C’s in second order concepts
cause & consequence, change, context
What are the three S’s in second order concepts?
significance, short term/long term, similarities/differences
what is the L in second order concepts
links
What were the main causes of WW1
franco-Prussian war, The triple alliance & entente, murder of archduke Ferdinand
What countries did the Austro-Hungary empire want to take over
Serbia, Bosnia and Bulgaria
What country had the Austro-Hungary empire already taken over
Bosnia
Why was Serbia concerned
They were concerned that Austro-Hungary was going to take over their country
What was the Serbian gang called
the black hand gang
What did the black hand gang want to do
Assassinate the archduke Ferdinand
Who did Bosnia want to become allies with and why
Serbia because they both hated Austro-Hungary
Why did the Archduke and his wife go to Bosnia
for their anniversary
When and where did the archduke and his wife arrive in Bosnia
28th June 1914 at 10:00 at the train station
How many assassins were on the route to the town hall
3
What did the first assassin in Bosnia do
He had a pistol, but ran away because he got scared
What did the second assassin in Bosnia do
He threw a grenade at the car, but it bounced off the bonnet and hit the car behind
What did the third assassin do
Gustav Princip thought the Archduke was dead because he saw the bomb go off, but then the car pulled up in front of him, so he shot the Archduke and his wife
What was the man who killed Archduke Ferdinand
Gavrilo Princip
How did the murder of Archduke Ferdinand cause the WW1
Because the Archduke was killed by a Serbian gang, Austro-Hungary went to war on Serbia. Because of the triple alliance, Germany went to help Austro-Hungary. Russia the joined in with Serbia, and because of the triple entente, Britain and France had to join in with Serbia. Overtime, more and more countries join in.
When did America join the allies
1917
When did Russia drop out the war
1917
Why did Russia drop out the war
Because they had a revolution/civil war
When was the treaty of London made
19th April 1839
What is the treaty of london
The treaty of London is a document that states that if any army that threatens Belgium with aggression, Britain will come to defend
Who was the head of the German navy
Alfred von Tirpitz
What was the scramble for Africa
England and Germany raced to conquer as many countries in Africa as they could
what does W.O.Q stand for
word of question
When was WW1
1914 - 1918
When did trench warfare start
1915
Why did the industrial revolution make WW1 the most deadly
because during the industrial revolution things like bombs, explosive shells, planes, submarines and machine guns had been invented
Who had a big role in recruitment in WW1
Lord Kitchener
How many men did the British army have when they first started
200,000
How many men were in the German army when they first started
3 million
When did Lord Kitchener start recruiting
1915
How many propaganda posters were published in the first year of recruiting
12 million
when was the big push
7:00 on the 1st july
what was the big push
the big push was were 100,000men were sent to attack the Germans at 7:00
when did the battle of Somme begin
1st July 1916
what was the battle of Somme
the Germans were going to attack Verdon ( a symbolic place in France ), and France said is Verdon got destroyed then they would quit the war, so the British came up from behind and that was the battle of Somme
